Table 3.

The associations between ENDS tax structures (rates and bases) and tax incidence (n=52)

Variables	Tax incidence Wholesale=retail price		Tax incidence Wholesale*115%=retail price		Tax incidence Wholesale*130%=retail price
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
Tax rates	0.23*	0.22*	0.2*	0.19*	0.18*	0.17*
$ taxes	(0.003)	(0.002)	(0.003)	(0.002)	(0.003)	(0.002)
Tax base
Quantity	–	–	–	–	–	–
Value	−0.07*	−0.15*	−0.07*	−0.15*	−0.07*	−0.15*
	(0.02)	(0.02)	(0.02)	(0.02)	(0.02)	(0.02)
Type
Open	–	–	–	–	–	–
Closed	−0.08*	−0.18*	−0.08*	−0.17*	−0.07*	−0.17*
	(0.02)	(0.02)	(0.02)	(0.02)	(0.01)	(0.02)
Value*closed system	–	0.18*	–	0.17*	–	0.17*
		(0.02)		(0.02)		(0.02)
R2	0.97	0.99	0.96	0.99	0.95	0.99

We report SEs clustered at the state/jurisdiction level in parentheses.

*Indicates statistical significance at 1% level.

ENDS, electronic nicotine delivery systems.