Table 3.

Estimated odds ratios of specific health condition for dogs fed once per day compared to more frequently, adjusted for sex, age, breed for purebred dogs, and body size (as captured by weight) for mixed breed dogs. All analyses except liver/pancreas and dental/oral are also adjusted for omega-3 (or other fatty acid) supplementation

Health condition	Adjusted odds ratio	95% CI	p
Liver/pancreas	0.41	0.27–0.61	< 0.001
Gastrointestinal	0.65	0.54–0.77	< 0.001
Kidney/urinary	0.71	0.58–0.88	0.0012
Orthopedic	0.78	0.69–0.88	< 0.001
Dental/oral	0.84	0.77–0.92	< 0.001
Cardiac	0.86	0.70–1.07	0.18
Cancer	0.90	0.75–1.07	0.24
Neurological	0.90	0.71–1.16	0.42
Skin	0.94	0.85–1.04	0.22