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. 2022 Apr 20;44(3):1489–1503. doi: 10.1007/s11357-022-00554-y

Table 4.

Coefficients of plasma biomarker variables in linear mixed-effect models examining the change of composite cognitive score1 over time

Biomarker2 Biomarker2 × time Biomarker2 × time × time
Coef. (95% CI) p Coef. (95% CI) p Coef. (95% CI) p
Amyloid model3
  Aβ42/40  − 0.15 (− 0.66, 0.35) 0.546 0.60 (0.24, 0.96) 0.001  − 0.10 (− 0.18, − 0.01) 0.026
Multi-biomarker model4
  Aβ42/40  − 0.11 (− 0.59, 0.38) 0.671 0.60 (0.24, 0.96) 0.001  − 0.10 (− 0.18, − 0.01) 0.028
  GDF15  − 0.53 (− 0.74, − 0.32)  < 0.001  − 0.07 (− 0.21, 0.07) 0.325 0.01 (− 0.02, 0.04) 0.583
  MCP1 0.33 (0.11, 0.55) 0.003 0.04 (− 0.11, 0.20) 0.606  − 0.01 (− 0.05, 0.03) 0.540

Aβ, amyloid-beta; GDF15, growth differentiation factor 15; MCP1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1

1Based on the z score of four cognitive tests: free and total recall of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding test, ten MMSE orientation items, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, and Category Naming Test

2All values of plasma biomarkers were natural log-transformed

3Adjusted for demographic covariates (age, sex, education, Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT) group and body mass index (BMI))

4The best-fitting multi-biomarker model among all biomarker combinations; the model was adjusted for demographic covariates (age, sex, education, MAPT group, and BMI). Coefficients of biomarker variables in other multi-biomarker models with different biomarker combinations are provided in supplementary materials