Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of study participants

	Control participants (n = 45)	PD patients (n = 49)	P value
Age, years (mean ± SD)	64.33 ± 11.78	66.41 ± 7.37	0.32
Sex, male, n (%)	11 (24.4)	22 (44.9)	0.05
Schirmer (mm)	11.10 ± 6.12	10.26 ± 8.04	0.58
Disease duration (years)	N.A	5.32 ± 3.12
Hoehn-and-Yahr stage (off)	N.A	2.3 ± 1.1
MDS-UPDRS part III (off)	N.A	29.1 ± 17.3
MMSE	28.8 ± 2.1	25.7 ± 4.8	0.06

Data are expressed as means ± standard deviations

Schirmer’s values are the sums of wetting length from both eyes

MDS-UPDRS, Movement Disorder Society Unified PD Rating Scale; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; N.A., not available