Fig. 7.

Long-term exercise training alleviates gliosis and suppresses neuroinflammation in TgF344-AD rats. A Representative confocal microscopy images of Iba-1 staining in the cortex and hippocampus. The microscopy images of Iba-1 were processed and analyzed by ImageJ software. Iba-1 intensity, endpoints, and processes per cell were analyzed. B The astrocyte marker GFAP was stained for the measurement of astrocyte activation. GFAP fluorescent intensity was analyzed. C Pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured in both the cortex and hippocampus using a rat cytokine array kit. Acquired values were transformed into z-scores and presented as a heat map for a better view. Log2 fold changes were calculated compared with the WT group. The Log2 fold changes of WT is zero and did not shown in the graph. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 4–6). *P < 0.05 versus WT group, ^#P < 0.05 versus AD group