TABLE 2.
Numerous cytokines and chemokines are involved in leukemia niche support.
| Effector | Origin | Species | Effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LSC supporting and normal HSC impairing | ||||
| Jagged1 | MSC overexpress | AML patients | Leukemic cells support | Geyh et al. (2016) |
| CXCL12, SCF, IGF-1 | MSC low-express | AML engrafted murine model | Residual HSC mobilization | Huan et al. (2015); Kumar et al. (2018) |
| STC1, PDK1, GLUT1 | MSC overexpress | AML patients | impairing hematopoiesis | Waclawiczek et al. (2020) |
| SCF, Angiopoietin-1 | MSC low-express | MDS patients | Insufficient hematopoietic support | Geyh et al. (2013) |
| Jagged1, Osteopontin | MSC overexpress | MDS patients | Insufficient hematopoietic support | Geyh et al. (2013) |
| N-cadherin | MSC overexpress | CML patients | Cell adhesion and protecting CML cells | Zhang et al. (2013) |
| N-cadherin, IGFBP2,VEGFA,LIF | MSC overexpress | MDS patients | Enhance LSC expansion | Medyouf et al. (2014) |
| Inflammatory environment and endosteal remodeling | ||||
| CXCL2,TNF | LSC overexpress | MLL-AF9-driven murine model | Pro-inflammatory and anti-angiogenesis | Duarte et al. (2018) |
| TGF-β | LSC overexpress | MDS and AML patients | Compromising their immunomodulatory capability | Geyh et al. (2018) |
| NFKBIA | MSC overexpress | MDS patients | Inflammation attenuates hematopoiesis | Ping et al. (2019) |
| VCAM1 | MSC overexpress | AML patients | VCAM1-VLA4 increase inflammatory factors and protect leukemic cells | Schmidt et al. (2011); Jacamo et al. (2014) |
| CCL3 | MSC overexpress | Ptpn11-activating mutation murine model | Mediating leukemogenic effect | Dong et al. (2016) |
| IL-8, MMP9 | MSC overexpress | CML patients and cell lines | Promoting CML progression and invasiveness | Corrado et al. (2016) |
| G-CSF, IL-6,MIP-1β | Leukemic cell overexpress | BCR-ABL-driven murine model | Decreasing CXCL12, support leukemic cell engraftment | Zhang et al. (2012) |
| CCL3,TPO | Leukemic cells overexpress | BCR-ABL-driven murine model | Endosteal osteoblasts expansion | Schepers et al. (2013) |
| IκBα, TNFα, CXCL1 | MSC overexpress | BCR-ABL-driven murine model | Increasing inflammation and LSCs expansion | Schepers et al. (2013); Agarwal et al. (2021) |
| IL-6, TGF-β, TNFα | MSC overexpress | CML cell lines | Increasing MSC stress | Jafarzadeh et al. (2018) |