Table 4.
Unadjusted and adjusted odds of adherence to community PHSMs
| Community PHSMs | ||||
| Adherence n=6522 |
Non-adherence n=15 048 |
Unadjusted OR | Adjusted OR* | |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 33.6 (12.3)† | 32.3 (11) | 1.01† | 1.01† |
| Gender | ||||
| Men (0) | 42.7% | 52.7% | Ref | Ref |
| Women (1) | 57.3%† | 47.3% | 1.50† | 1.57† |
| Education | ||||
| No formal education (0) | 7.7%† | 9.1% | Ref | Ref |
| Primary school (1) | 13.9%† | 12.3% | 1.34† | 1.13 |
| Secondary school (2) | 41.6%† | 35.5% | 1.39† | 1.07 |
| College/graduation/postgraduation/vocational degree (3) | 36.8%† | 43.0% | 1.02† | 0.94 |
| Place of residence | ||||
| Urban area (0) | 38.2%† | 43.7% | Ref | Ref |
| Rural area (1) | 61.8%† | 56.3% | 1.25† | 1.12† |
| Separate room in house to keep sick isolated | ||||
| No (0) | 53.6% | 59.9% | Ref | Ref |
| Yes (1) | 46.4%† | 40.1% | 1.29† | 1.02 |
| Access to running water | ||||
| No (0) | 59.2% | 64.7% | Ref | Ref |
| Yes (1) | 40.8%† | 35.3% | 1.26† | 1.18† |
| Health status | ||||
| Self-report that general health is ‘good’ or ‘very good’. (1) | 79.8%† | 81.7% | 0.88† | 1.06 |
| Respondent or a household member had COVID-19 (Yes, confirmed or unconfirmed). (1) | 2.5%† | 1.9% | 1.33† | 1.05 |
| Psychosocial characteristics | ||||
| Knowledge about COVID-19 | ||||
| Washing hands helps prevent getting it. (1) | 96.0%† | 94.5% | 1.41† | 1.19‡ |
| Wearing a face mask when around other people prevents the spread of it. (1) | 95.2%† | 92.3% | 1.64† | 1.45† |
| Personal risk perception | ||||
| What do you think is your level of risk of catching COVID-19? (1) | 32.2%† | 26.9% | 1.30† | 1.14† |
| If you were infected by coronavirus or COVID-19, how seriously do you think it would affect your health? (1) | 52.1%† | 47.8% | 1.19† | 1.10‡ |
| Self-efficacy | ||||
| I am confident in my ability to follow information and restrictions given by the government to reduce my risk of getting COVID-19. (1) | 91.8%† | 89.8% | 1.27† | 1.16† |
| Trust in public health leadership | ||||
| Hospitals, health centres (1) | 80.5%† | 74.3% | 1.43† | 1.10‡ |
| Ministry of health (1) | 78.4%† | 72.3% | 1.39† | 1.23† |
| The president (1) | 73.9%† | 66.7% | 1.42† | 1.31† |
| Country | ||||
| Cameroon (0) | 2.3% | 7.0%† | Ref | Ref |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo (1) | 4.7% | 5.9%† | 2.37† | 2.18† |
| Ethiopia (2) | 6.1%‡ | 5.3% | 3.43† | 2.52† |
| Ghana (3) | 4.5% | 6.0%† | 2.24† | 1.80† |
| Guinea Conakry (4) | 2.6% | 6.8%† | 1.12 | 1.04 |
| Côte d’Ivoire (5) | 2.4% | 6.9%† | 1.02 | 0.86 |
| Kenya (6) | 5.9% | 5.4% | 3.27† | 2.64† |
| Liberia (7) | 3.7% | 6.4% | 1.72† | 1.50† |
| Mozambique (8) | 8.2%† | 4.4% | 5.54† | 4.19† |
| Nigeria (9) | 4.2% | 6.2%† | 2.02† | 1.92† |
| Senegal (10) | 5.8% | 5.4% | 3.16† | 2.91† |
| South Africa (11) | 11.8% | 2.9% | 12.26† | 9.77† |
| Uganda (12) | 8.6% | 4.2% | 6.09† | 4.71† |
| Zambia (13) | 3.7% | 6.4% | 1.74† | 1.40† |
| Zimbabwe (14) | 8.4% | 4.3% | 5.74† | 4.90† |
| Egypt (15) | 6.4% | 5.2% | 3.7† | 4.55† |
| Tunisia (16) | 3.6% | 6.4% | 1.68† | 1.35† |
| Sudan (17) | 6.9% | 5.0% | 4.11† | 4.02† |
*Covariates: age, gender, education, urbanity, separate room in house to keep sick isolated, access to running water, health status, knowledge about washing hands, knowledge about wearing mask, respondent or a household member had COVID-19, personal risk perception, self-efficacy, trust in president/prime minister, trust in ministry of health/department of health, trust in hospitals/health centres, country.
†At 0.01 significance level.
‡At 0.05 significance level.
PHSM, public health and social measure.