Figure 2.

(A) Chemical structures of PA and PQC. (B) Schematic synthesis of LPHNPs. (C, D) Representative TEM images of PQC NFs (C) and LPHNPs (D). Scale bar = 50 nm. (E) DLS analysis of LPHNPs. (F) Stability of LPHNPs in PBS for 7 days. (G) Representative TEM image of PA@liposome. Scale bar = 50 nm. (H) DLS analysis of PA@liposome. (I) Stability of PA@liposome in PBS for 7 days. (J) ¹O₂ production levels of different formulations of PQC or PA in the aggregation (PBS) and dissociation (PBS/SDS) forms with SOSG as an ¹O₂ indicator. The mentioned PBS/SDS solution contains 1% SDS (w/v) which was used to disrupt nanoparticles. Values are mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed with t-test. ns., not significant.