Table 3.
Summary of natural products and endogenous substances for ex vivo HSC expansion.
| Compd. | Target/signaling | Expansion effect | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rapamycin | mTOR | ‒ | 112 |
| Garcinol/isogarcinol | HATs | 4.5-/7.4-fold HSCs 2.5-fold SRCs (garcinol) |
118 |
| TSA | HDAC | 2.5-fold CD34+ 40-fold CD34+CD90+ |
132 |
| EchA | ROS inhibition PI3K/AKT activation |
1.33-fold CD34+ 1.7-fold CFUs |
137 |
| ASPP049 | Hippo signaling | ∼1.5-fold CD34+CD38− ∼2-fold hCD45+ |
143 |
| Chrysin | p19, p57, MNDA, NR4A2, HOXB4 | ∼1.5-fold HSCs 2.7-fold SRCs |
145 |
| Resveratol | ‒ | 1.84-fold CD34+/CD133+ | 138, 139, 140 |
| CAPE | HIF-1α, SDF-1α and VEGF-A | 1.47-fold CFUs 1.77-fold SRCs |
141, 142 |
| 5-HT | Apoptosis inhibition | 1.73-fold CFU-F 12.2-fold CD34+ |
146 |
| α-Tocopherol | ERK1/2 | 2-fold LSKs | 147 |
| ATRA | RA receptor | 4-fold CFUs | 148,149 |