Table 1.
Baseline characteristics, infection related variables and outcomes in different waves
| Total (n = 6080) | First (n = 1914) | Second (n = 1930) | Third (n = 1397) | Fourth (n = 330) | Fifth (n = 471) | Sixth (n = 38) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male), n (%) | 3901 (64) | 1236 (64) | 1226 (63) | 901 (65) | 204 (62) | 312 (66) | 22 (58) | .719 |
| Age (years) | 63 ± 15 | 67 ± 14 | 62 ± 15 | 64 ± 15 | 60 ± 14 | 58 ± 15 | 60 ± 15 | <.001 |
| Diabetic kidney disease, n (%) | 1199 (21) | 408 (25) | 378 (21) | 282 (21) | 56 (17) | 72 (16) | 3 (8) | <.001 |
|
KRT, n (%): KT HD PD HHD |
2831 (47) 3054 (50) 173 (3) 22 (<1) |
648 (34) 1198 (63) 62 (3) 6 (<1) |
922 (48) 946 (49) 52 (3) 10 (<1) |
644 (46) 703 (5) 46 (3) 4 (<1) |
217 (66) 108 (33) 5 (1) 0 (0) |
369 (78) 93 (20) 7 (1) 2 (0) |
31 (81) 6 (16) 1 (3) 0 (0) |
<.001 |
| Haemodialysis unit location (external), n (%) | 1460 (53) | 488 (48) | 462 (52) | 392 (58) | 55 (52) | 61 (68) | 2 (40) | <.001 |
| KRT vintage (months) | 44 (17–95) | 38 (15–83) | 45 (17–97) | 45 (18–97) | 48 (18–110) | 53 (19–111) | 60 (61–101) | <.001 |
|
Symptoms at onset, n (%) Asymptomatic Fever Cough/rhinorrhoea Dyspnoea Gastrointestinal |
1225 (22) 3525 (60) 3512 (60) 2196 (39) 1279 (23) |
259 (15) 1300 (71) 1161 (63) 742 (43) 424 (24) |
498 (28) 1037 (56) 1004 (54) 629 (35) 419 (23) |
339 (26) 677 (50) 792 (59) 492 (38) 236 (18) |
58 (19) 188 (59) 212 (67) 130 (42) 71 (23) |
68 (16) 298 (66) 319 (71) 193 (44) 120 (27) |
3 (9) 25 (68) 24 (69) 10 (29) 9 (26) |
<.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 |
| Lymphopenia, n (%) | 3584 (63) | 1358 (75) | 1037 (57) | 725 (56) | 196 (63) | 257 (58) | 11 (38) | <.001 |
| Pneumonia, n (%) | 3148 (53) | 1260 (68) | 843 (45) | 616 (45) | 179 (56) | 238 (52) | 12 (39) | <.001 |
| Hospital admission, n (%) | 3856 (64) | 1481 (78) | 1104 (58) | 757 (55) | 207 (64) | 292 (63) | 15 (47) | <.001 |
| ICU admission, n (%)a | 561 (15) | 127 (9) | 179 (17) | 123 (17) | 39 (19) | 90 (32) | 3 (21) | <.001 |
| ICU rejection, n (%)a | 431 (12) | 208 (16) | 77 (7) | 109 (16) | 15 (8) | 19 (7) | 1 (8) | <.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%)a | 656 (19) | 210 (17) | 170 (17) | 143 (22) | 46 (25) | 84 (31) | 3 (23) | <.001 |
|
Treatment at onset, n (%) lopinavir/ritonavir Hydroxychloroquine Interferon Tocilizumab Steroids No treatment |
611 (12) 1425 (27) 60 (4) 468 (9) 2565 (48) 1740 (35) |
596 (35) 1419 (80) 5 (<1) 172 (11) 587 (35) 253 (16) |
9 (1) 5 (<1) 0 (0) 132 (8) 862 (50) 705 (44) |
1 (<1) 1 (<1) 0 (0) 79 (7) 661 (53) 539 (45) |
0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 33 (11) 183 (61) 92 (32) |
5 (1) 0 (0) 0 (0) 52 (14) 261 (63) 135 (34) |
0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 11 (41) 16 (57) |
<.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 |
| Baseline ACEi, n (%) | 768 (13) | 231 (12) | 246 (13) | 158 (12) | 49 (15) | 80 (18) | 4 (11) | .014 |
| Baseline ARB, n (%) | 1343 (23) | 384 (21) | 455 (24) | 317 (24) | 72 (23) | 106 (24) | 9 (25) | .181 |
| Previous NSAID, n (%) | 181 (3) | 63 (3) | 61 (3) | 43 (3) | 6 (2) | 7 (2) | 1 (3) | .326 |
|
Immunosuppression, n (%) Prednisone Ciclosporin Tacrolimus Mycophenolate mTORi Azathioprine |
2268 (81) 3 (<1) 2449 (95) 1945 (76) 412 (16) 29 (1) |
461 (74) 0 (0) 511 (92) 382 (69) 124 (22) 8 (1) |
745 (82) 0 (0) 814 (96) 654 (77) 114 (13) 11 (1) |
531 (83) 2 (<1) 564 (96) 446 (76) 93 (16) 3 (<1) |
181 (83) 1 (<1) 198 (97) 156 (76) 35 (17) 3 (1) |
323 (89) 0 (0) 333 (96) 281 (81) 44 (13) 3 (1) |
27 (90) 0 (0) 29 (100) 23 (79) 2 (7) 1 (3) |
<.001 .219 .006 .001 <.001 .470 |
| SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, n (%) | 500 (8%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 8 (1) | 66 (20) | 396 (84) | 30 (79) | <.001 |
| Immunosuppressants adjusted, n (%) | 458 (65) | 13 (72) | 16 (42) | 78 (60) | 88 (69) | 246 (67) | 17 (81) | .015 |
| Mortality, n (%) | 1207 (21) | 500 (28) | 292 (16) | 265 (20) | 52 (17) | 94 (22) | 4 (19) | <.001 |
| Mortality in vaccinated, n (%) | 86 (19) | NA | NA | 1 (12) | 8 (12) | 75 (21) | 2 (15) | .382 |
| Mortality in symptomatic patients, n (%) | 1010 (25) | 412 (30) | 244 (20) | 225 (25) | 46 (20) | 80 (25) | 3 (19) | <.001 |
a% of admitted.
Data are displayed as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range) unless otherwise indicated. KRT; kidney replacement therapy, KT, kidney transplant; HD, in-centre haemodialysis; PD, peritoneal dialysis; HHD, home haemodialysis; ICU, intensive care unit; ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB: angiotensin receptor blockers; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; mTORi, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors; NA, not applicable.