Table 2.
Factors associated with outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection in univariate analysis
| Hospital admission | ICU admission | Mortality | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | |
| Sex (male) | 1.30 (1.17–1.45) | <.001 | 1.13 (0.93–1.36) | .226 | 1.25 (1.10–1.43) | .001 |
| Age (per year) | 1.02 (1.02–1.03) | <.001 | 0.97 (0.96–0.97) | <.001 | 1.06 (1.05–1.06) | .001 |
| Diabetic kidney disease (yes) | 1.39 (1.21–1.59) | <.001 | 0.82 (0.65–1.03) | .093 | 1.43 (1.23–1.66) | <.001 |
| KRT (KT) | 1.15 (1.03–1.28) | .010 | 3.75 (3.07–4.59) | <.001 | 0.73 (0.64–0.83) | <.001 |
| Haemodialysis unit location (in-centre) | 0.76 (0.65–0.89) | .001 | 0.98 (0.68–1.42) | .932 | 1.02 (1.00–1.44) | .045 |
| KRT vintage (per month) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | .331 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | .055 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | .871 |
| Lymphopaenia (yes) | 15.1 (13.3–17.3) | <.001 | 3.75 (2.59–5.42) | <.001 | 6.52 (5.35–7.95) | <.001 |
| Pneumonia (yes) | 104 (82–132) | <.001 | 11.6 (6.80–19.9) | <.001 | 10.7 (8.8–13.07) | <.001 |
|
Treatment during admission (yes): Lopinavir/ritonavir Hydroxychloroquine Interferon Tocilizumab Steroids |
– – – – – |
– – – – – |
28.0 (16.1–48.7) 7.05 (5.84–8.51) 33.7 (4.67–243) 93.3 (29.9–290) 26.1 (21.5–31.7) |
<.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 |
2.34 (1.95–2.83) 1.83 (1.58–2.12) 3.52 (2.15–5.76) 2.98 (2.43–3.65) 3.49 (3.02–4.04) |
<.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 |
| Baseline ACEi (yes) | 1.09 (0.93–1.28) | .265 | 1.11 (0.85–1.44) | .431 | 0.92 (0.76–1.12) | .39 |
| ACEi withdrawal at admission (yes) | – | – | 2.94 (1.68–5.15) | <.001 | 5.09 (3.17–8.19) | <.001 |
| Baseline ARB (yes) | 0.88 (0.77–0.99) | .047 | 1.47 (1.19–1.81) | <.001 | 0.75 (0.63–0.88) | <.001 |
| ARB withdrawal at admission (yes) | – | – | 3.43 (2.28–5.17) | <.001 | 4.38 (3.08–6.21) | <.001 |
| Previous NSAID (yes) | 1.06 (0.77–1.45) | .701 | 0.19 (0.07–0.53) | .001 | 0.95 (0.65–0.14) | .805 |
|
Immunosuppressive medication (yes) Prednisone-free regimen CNI-free regimen mTORi-free regimen Mycophenolate-free regimen |
0.82 (0.69–0.99) 1.39 (0.93–2.10) 0.86 (0.68–1.08) 1.15 (0.95–1.39) |
.046 .110 .199 .148 |
0.71 (0.52–0.97) 0.78 (0.45–1.36) 1.56 (1.11–2.19) 0.56 (0.42–0.75) |
.030 .380 .011 <.001 |
0.78 (0.59–1.02) 1.18 (0.74–1.89) 1.51 (1.10–2.07) 0.87 (0.67–1.11) |
.075 .480 .011 .260 |
| SARS-CoV-2 wave (first) | 2.61 (2.30–2.96) | <.001 | 0.41 (0.33–0.51) | .001 | 1.74 (1.53–1.99) | <.001 |
| ICU admission (yes) | – | – | – | – | 3.78 (3.13–4.58) | <.001 |
| ICU rejection (yes) | – | – | – | – | 17.0 (12.9–22.3) | <.001 |
| Vaccination status (yes) | 0.89 (0.74–1.09) | .261 | 2.74 (2.09–3.58) | <.001 | 0.88 (0.69–1.13) | .315 |
The increased OR of UCI admission in univariate analysis among the vaccinated appears to be related to the availability of vaccines in most recent pandemic waves, in which ICU access was easier than in previous waves when the healthcare system was overwhelmed.
KRT; kidney replacement therapy; KT, kidney transplant; ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB; angiotensin receptor blockers; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; CNI, calcineurin inhibitors; mTORi, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; OR (95%CI), odds ratio (95% confidence interval).