Table 1.
Indirect, direct and total effects of maternal depressive symptoms trajectories on adolescent’s self-esteem scores mediated by child maltreatment
| Maternal depression trajectories | Relative effectsa for adolescents’ self-esteem scores | B (SE)b | 95% bias-corrected bootstrap CI | β (SE)b | 95% bias-corrected bootstrap CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderated low | Indirect effect (a1*b) | − 0.027 (0.034) | (− 0.107; 0.032) | − 0.007 (0.009) | (− 0.026; 0.008) |
| Direct effect (c1') | − 0.269 (0.211) | (− 0.684; 0.151) | − 0.066 (0.052) | (− 0.170; 0.039) | |
| Total effect | − 0.296 (0.210) | (− 0.699; 0.155) | − 0.073 (0.052) | (− 0.172; 0.038) | |
| Increasing | Indirect effect (a2*b) | − 0.043 (0.054) | (− 0.167; 0.053) | − 0.011 (0.013) | (− 0.041; 0.013) |
| Direct effect (c2') | − 0.768 (0.294)* | (− 1.362; − 0.226) | − 0.190 (0.073)* | (− 0.333; − 0.051) | |
| Total effect | − 0.811 (0.296)* | (− 1.397; − 0.257) | − 0.200 (0.073)* | (− 0.346; − 0.062) | |
| Decreasing | Indirect effect (a3*b) | − 0.032 (0.041) | (− 0.118; 0.039) | − 0.008 (0.010) | (− 0.029; 0.009) |
| Direct effect (c3') | − 0.740 (0.341)* | (− 1.399; − 0.081) | − 0.183 (0.084)* | (− 0.348; − 0.021) | |
| Total effect | − 0.772 (0.339)* | (− 1.428; − 0.112) | − 0.190 (0.083)* | (− 0.350; − 0.027) | |
| Chronic high | Indirect effect (a4*b) | − 0.075 (0.094) | (− 0.277; 0.089) | − 0.019 (0.023) | (− 0.069; 0.022) |
| Direct effect (c4') | − 0.913 (0.427)* | (− 1.746; − 0.085) | − 0.225 (0.105)* | (− 0.421; − 0.021) | |
| Total effect | − 0.988 (0.419)* | (− 1.826; − 0.216) | − 0.244 (0.103)* | (− 0.443; − 0.052) |
B unstandardized coefficient; β standardized coefficient; CI confidence interval; SE standard error
Child maltreatment was not a predictor of adolescent self-esteem scores (Path b: B = − 0.031, SE = 0.038, p = 0.418)
*p < 0.05
aRelative effect to the reference group (low depressive symptoms trajectory)
bEstimates for the fully adjusted model including family income, maternal education, maternal skin color, marital status, and adolescent’s sex in all pathways