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. 2022 Jun 8;12:816504. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.816504

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Copyright © 2022 Kalyanaraman, Cheng and Hardy

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Mitochondria-targeted metformin enhances oxygen concentration in pancreatic cancer cells by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration and makes these cells more vulnerable to radiation. *, P < 0.05 compared with radiation alone. The left portion of the figure is reprinted from Clinical Cancer Research, 2018, 24/11, 2482-2490, Ashton TM, McKenna WG, Kunz-Schughart LA, Higgins GS, Oxidative Phosphorylation as an Emerging Target in Cancer Therapy, with permission from AACR. The right portion of the figure is adapted from Cancer Research, 2016, 76/13, 3904-3915, Cheng G, Zielonka J, Ouari O, Lopez M, McAllister D, Boyle K, Barrios CS, Weber JJ, Johnson BD, Hardy M, Dwinell MB, Kalyanaraman B, Mitochondria-Targeted Analogues of Metformin Exhibit Enhanced Antiproliferative and Radiosensitizing Effects in Pancreatic Cancer Cells, with permission from AACR.