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. 2021 May 21;191(3):370–378. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwab151

Table 1.

Reporting Patterns of “Ever” Experiencing Discrimination in the CARDIA Study Across the Years 1992, 2000, and 2010 (n = 2,774)a

Discrimination Reporting Pattern in 1992, 2000, and 2010 Racial Discrimination SES Discrimination Gender Discrimination
No. % No. % No. %
Never, never, never 1,054 38.0 1,325 47.8 759 27.4
Never, never, ever 87 3.1 135 4.9 71 2.6
Never, ever, ever 91 3.3 113 4.1 114 4.1
Never, ever, neverb 149 5.4 216 7.8 210 7.6
Ever, never, neverb 312 11.3 335 12.1 389 14.0
Ever, never, everb 75 2.7 91 3.3 106 3.8
Ever, ever, neverb 285 10.3 223 8.0 440 15.9
Ever, ever, ever 721 26.0 336 12.1 685 24.7
Total inconsistent reportingc 821 29.7 865 31.2 1,145 41.3

Abbreviations: CARDIA, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults; SES, socioeconomic status.

a Percentages sum to 100.1 because of rounding.

b These 4 categories denote inconsistent reporting patterns across the 3 study visits and are represented in the “total inconsistent reporting” category.

c Results for the 4 categories with inconsistent reporting patterns across the 3 study visits.