Table 4.

Multilevel random intercept results (814 episodes, 1628 observations)

Pain (VAS)	Coefficient	SE	P Value	95% CI
Intercept	3.78	0.10	<.001	(3.59 to	3.97)
Treatment effect	−2.69	0.08	<.001	(−2.86 to	−2.53)
Female	0.29	0.10	.004	(0.09 to	0.49)
Comorbid conditions	0.24	0.10	.02	(0.03 to	0.44)
Adverse symptoms	0.53	0.11	<.001	(0.32 to	0.75)
Severe pain (VAS>7.4)	2.57	0.19	<.001	(2.19 to	2.95)
Random-effects variance	0.63	0.09
Unexplained model variance	2.86
Function (PSFS)
Intercept	5.69	0.15	<.001	(5.40 to	5.98)
Treatment effect	2.67	0.11	<.001	(2.45 to	2.89)
Comorbid conditions	−0.42	0.15	.005	(−0.72 to	−0.13)
Chronic condition (>3 mo)	−0.46	0.15	.003	(−0.76 to	−0.16)
Severe pain (VAS>7.4)	−0.92	0.29	<.001	(−1.48 to	−0.36)
Random-effects variance	1.98	0.14
Unexplained model variance	5.10