Table 1.
Characteristics of studies included in the systematic review (n=67)
| Year | Author | Country | Design | Areas of retinal measured | Sample size | Method | |||||||||||
| RNFL | mRNFL | pRNFL | GCC | GC-IPL | MT/MV | CT | FAZ | VD | RVN | Other | |||||||
| 2001 | Parisi45 | Italy | CS | · | 31 | OCT | |||||||||||
| 2006 | Iseri46 | Turkey | CS | · | · | 29 | OCT | ||||||||||
| 2011 | Kesler47 | Israel | CS | · | 78 | OCT | |||||||||||
| 2013 | Kirbas48 | Turkey | CS | · | · | 80 | SD-OCT | ||||||||||
| 2013 | Shen37 | China | L | · | 78 | OCT | |||||||||||
| 2014 | Ascaso49 | Spain | CS | · | · | 90 | OCT | ||||||||||
| 2014 | Gharbiya50 | Italy | CS | · | · | 42 | SD-OCT | ||||||||||
| 2014 | Polo51 | Spain | CS | · | 140 | OCT | |||||||||||
| 2015 | Bambo1 | Spain | CS | · | 112 | OCT | |||||||||||
| 2015 | Bayhan52 | Turkey | CS | · | · | · | 61 | SD-OCT | |||||||||
| 2015 | Feke19 | USA | CS | · | · | 52 | Laser Doppler, OCT | ||||||||||
| 2015 | Gao53 | China | CS | · | · | 72 | OCT | ||||||||||
| 2015 | Gunes54 | Turkey | CC | · | 80 | SD-OCT | |||||||||||
| 2015 | Jentsch21 | Germany | CS | · | · | ·† | 16 | OCT, FLIO | |||||||||
| 2015 | Oktem55 | Turkey | CS | · | 105 | OCT | |||||||||||
| 2015 | Salobrar-Garcia56 | Spain | CS | · | · | 51 | OCT | ||||||||||
| 2015 | Shi57 | China | L | · | 78 | OCT | |||||||||||
| 2016 | Choi42 | Korea | L | · | · | · | 134 | OCT | |||||||||
| 2016 | Cunha26 | Brazil | CS | · | · | · | · | · | 48 | OCT | |||||||
| 2016 | Garcia-Martin58 | Spain | CS | · | · | 225 | OCT | ||||||||||
| 2016 | Knoll59 | USA | CS | · | · | · | 34 | SD-OCT | |||||||||
| 2016 | Pillai60 | USA | CS | · | · | · | 106 | SD-OCT | |||||||||
| 2016 | Trebbastoni27 | Rome | CS | · | 72 | SD-OCT | |||||||||||
| 2017 | Ferrari61 | Italy | CS | · | · | 93 | OCT | ||||||||||
| 2017 | Mendez-Gomez38 | France | L | · | 427 | SD-OCT | |||||||||||
| 2018 | Bulut6 | Turkey | CS | · | · | · | · | 52 | OCTA | ||||||||
| 2018 | Jiang62 | USA | CS | · | · | · | 52 | OCTA, OCT | |||||||||
| 2018 | Lahme63 | Germany | CS | · | · | 74 | OCTA | ||||||||||
| 2018 | Shao64 | USA | CS | · | · | 70 | SD-OCT | ||||||||||
| 2018 | Uchida65 | USA | CS | ·‡ | 124 | OCT | |||||||||||
| 2019 | Almeida13 | Brazil | CS | · | · | · | · | · | 47 | SS-OCT | |||||||
| 2019 | Cipollini66 | Italy | CS | · | · | · | 42 | SD-OCT | |||||||||
| 2019 | Haan22 | Netherlands | CS | · | · | · | ·‡ | 142 | SD-OCT | ||||||||
| 2019 | Haan67 | Netherlands | CS | · | · | · | 86 | FP, SD-OCT, OCTA | |||||||||
| 2019 | Kim68 | South Korea | CS | · | · | · | 47 | OCT | |||||||||
| 2019 | Salobrar-García28 | Spain | CS | · | · | · | ·§ | 90 | OCT | ||||||||
| 2019 | Tao29 | China | CS | · | · | 191 | OCT | ||||||||||
| 2019 | Yoon29 | USA | CS | · | · | · | · | · | 209 | OCTA, SD-OCT | |||||||
| 2019 | Zhang69 | USA | CC | · | · | · | · | · | · | 32 | OCT, OCTA | ||||||
| 2020 | Ashimatey70 | USA | CS | · | 111 | OCTA | |||||||||||
| 2020 | Chua71 | Singapore | CS | · | · | 90 | OCTA | ||||||||||
| 2020 | Criscuolo33 | Italy | CS | · | · | · | · | 83 | SD-OCT, OCTA | ||||||||
| 2020 | Jindahra72 | Thailand | CS | · | · | 58 | OCT | ||||||||||
| 2020 | Jorge73 | Portugal | CS | · | 41 | OCT | |||||||||||
| 2020 | Karakahya40 | Germany | RCT; L | · | · | · | 93 | OCT | |||||||||
| 2020 | Lemmens74 | Belgium | CS | · | 39 | OCT | |||||||||||
| 2020 | Mammadova24 | USA | CS | · | 20 | SD-OCT | |||||||||||
| 2020 | Marquie41 | Spain | L | · | · | 129 | OCT | ||||||||||
| 2020 | Mavilio75 | Italy | CS | · | · | 52 | OCT | ||||||||||
| 2020 | Salobra-Garcia76 | Switzerland | CS | · | · | 32 | OCT, OCTA | ||||||||||
| 2020 | Sanchez31 | Spain | CS | · | · | ·‡ | 930 | OCT | |||||||||
| 2020 | Sen77 | India | CS | · | · | ·‡ | 60 | OCT | |||||||||
| 2020 | Uchida78 | USA | CS | ·‡ | 64 | OCT | |||||||||||
| 2020 | Van De Kreeke32 | Netherlands | CS | · | · | · | · | 298 | OCT, FP | ||||||||
| 2020 | Wu79 | China | CS | · | · | 60 | OCTA | ||||||||||
| 2021 | Biscetti80 | Italy | CS | · | · | · | · | 37 | OCT, OCTA | ||||||||
| 2021 | Janez-Garcia30 | Spain | CS | · | · | · | · | · | 43 | OCT OCTA | |||||||
| 2021 | Li81 | China | CS | · | 71 | OCT | |||||||||||
| 2021 | Mei82 | China | CS | · | · | · | 39 | OCTA | |||||||||
| 2021 | Robbins83 | USA | CS | · | · | · | 122 | OCTA | |||||||||
| 2021 | Robbins84 | USA | CS | · | 278 | OCT | |||||||||||
| 2021 | Wang85 | China | CS | · | · | · | · | 158 | OCTA, FP | ||||||||
| 2021 | Wong86 | Hong Kong | CS | · | 40 | OCTA | |||||||||||
| 2021 | Zabel87 | Poland | CS | · | · | · | · | · | ·‡ | 108 | SD-OCT OCTA | ||||||
| 2021 | Zhao88 | China | CS | · | 59 | OCT | |||||||||||
| 2022 | Montorio89 | Italy | CS | · | · | · | 108 | SD-OCT OCTA | |||||||||
| Total | 29 | 5 | 23 | 22 | 17 | 14 | 9 | 12 | 15 | 6 | 9 | 6415 | |||||
*Focal loss volume and global loss volume.
†Time-resolved autofluorescence of the retina by FLIO.
‡Retinal thickness/volume, mean foveal thichness and juxtafoveal thickness.
§13 IPL, INL, OPL; retinal pigment epithelium thickness.
C, cross-sectional; CC, case–control; CT, Choroidal thickness; FAZ, foveal avascular zone; FLIO, fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy; GCC, macular ganglion cell complex; GC-IPL, ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer; INL, inner nuclear layer; L, longitudinal; mRNFL, macula retinal nerve fibre layer; MT/MV, macular volume/macular thickness; OCT, optical coherence tomography; OCTA, OCT-angiography; OPL, outer plexiform layer; pRNFL, peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer; RCT, randomised controlled trial; RNFL, retinal nerve fibre layer; RVN, retinal vasculature network; SD-OCT, spectral-domain OCT; VD, vascular/vessel density.