Table 2.
Causative pathogens per PEER-PePPeS rules by detection method
| Pathogen | N | Blood culture N (%) | IS culture N (%) | Whole blood PCR N (%) | NP / OP PCR N (%) | IS PCR N (%) | Serology test N (%) |
| Gram-positive cocci bacteria | |||||||
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 29 | 1 (3.4) | 3 (10.3) | -- | 21 (72.4) | 28 (96.6) | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 20 | -- | 7 (35) | -- | 11 (55) | 19 (95) | |
| Streptococcus mitis | 4 | -- | 4 (100) | ||||
| Streptococcus pyogenes | 1 | -- | 1 (100) | ||||
| Gram-negative cocci bacteria | |||||||
| Moraxella catarrhalis | 2 | -- | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | ||
| Gram-negative rods bacteria | |||||||
| Haemophilus influenzae non-type b | 73 | -- | -- | 8 (10.9) | 60 (82.2) | 71 (98.6) | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 43 | -- | 17 (39.5) | 2 (4.7) | 34 (79.1) | ||
| Bordetella pertussis | 7 | -- | -- | 7 (100) | |||
| Escherichia coli | 5 | 1 (20) | 4 (80) | ||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 4 | -- | 4 (100) | ||||
| Acinetobacter baumannii | 3 | -- | 3 (100) | ||||
| H. inf type b | 2 | -- | -- | -- | -- | 2 (100) | |
| Neisseria meningitidis | 1 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | ||||
| Atypical-bacteria | |||||||
| Chlamydia pneumoniae | 5 | -- | -- | -- | 5 (100) | ||
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae | 5 | -- | -- | 5 (100) | 1 (20) | ||
| Legionella pneumophila | 1 | -- | -- | -- | 1 (100) | ||
| Virus | |||||||
| RSV | 51 | 36 (70.6) | 45 (88.2) | 10 (19.6) | |||
| RSV A | 15 | 10 (66.7) | 13 (86.7) | ||||
| RSV B | 36 | 26 (72.2) | 32 (88.8) | ||||
| Influenza virus | 25 | 16 (64) | 22 (88) | 9 (36) | |||
| inf A (H1N1) | 7 | 7 (100) | 7 (100) | 7 (70) | |||
| inf A (H3N2) | 3 | 3 (100) | 3 (100) | ||||
| inf B | 14 | 6 (42.9) | 12 (85.7) | 2 (14.3) | |||
| PIV | 17 | 16 (94.1) | 15 (88.2) | 3 (17.6) | |||
| PIV 1 | 5 | 5 (100) | 4 (80) | 3 (17.6) | |||
| PIV 2 | 0 | -- | -- | ||||
| PIV 3 | 11 | 10 (90.9) | 10 (90.9) | ||||
| PIV 4 | 1 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | ||||
| hMPV | 11 | 5 (45.5) | 10 (90.9) | ||||
| Rhinovirus | 10 | 10 (100) | 6 (60) | 4 (40) | |||
| Enterovirus | 5 | 3 (60) | 3 (60) | 3 (60) | |||
| Bocavirus | 3 | 2 (66.7) | 3 (100) | ||||
| hCoV-NL63 | 2 | 2 (100) | 2 (100) |
Grey box indicates the assay was not performed.
hMPV, human metapneumovirus; IS, induced sputum; NP, nasopharyngeal; PIV, parainfluenza virus; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus.