Table 3.

Adjusted rate ratios (aRRs) and 95% CIs for associations between patient factors and completed guideline-recommended postpartum screening among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): the Gestational Diabetes’ Effects on Moms (GEM) study

	Model 1	Model 2
	aRR (95% CI)	aRR (95% CI)
Racial/ethnic background
Black	0.83 (0.67 to 1.02)	0.83 (0.66 to 1.04)
Chinese American	1.30 (1.15 to 1.48)	1.31 (1.15 to 1.49)
Filipina	1.02 (0.88 to 1.19)	1.02 (0.89 to 1.18)
South Asian	1.00 (0.86 to 1.16)	1.01 (0.87 to 1.17)
Asian, other	1.11 (0.93 to 1.33)	1.12 (0.94 to 1.34)
Latina	1.07 (0.93 to 1.22)	1.07 (0.94 to 1.23)
Non-Hispanic White	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
Multiracial/other	0.84 (0.70 to 1.01)	0.85 (0.71 to 1.02)
Education: less than a 4-year college degree	0.79 (0.72 to 0.87)	0.79 (0.72 to 0.86)
Parity
0	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
1	0.93 (0.83 to 1.05)	0.93 (0.82 to 1.05)
≥2	0.79 (0.68 to 0.93)	0.80 (0.69 to 0.93)
Elevated T2D risk	0.86 (0.75 to 0.98)	0.86 (0.75 to 0.98)
Perinatal depression	0.88 (0.79 to 0.98)	0.88 (0.79 to 0.98)
Attended postpartum visit	5.23 (2.98 to 9.20)	5.28 (2.99 to 9.32)
Preterm delivery	–	0.84 (0.72 to 0.98)
Cesarean delivery	–	1.01 (0.89 to 1.15)
Use of GDM medication	–	0.99 (0.88 to 1.11)
GEM trial arm
Usual care	–	1 (reference)
Intervention	–	0.94 (0.86 to 1.04)
Recalled provider advice about screening*	–	1.31 (1.03 to 1.67)
Recalled provider advice about diabetes risk*	–	1.25 (0.97 to 1.60)

aRRs and 95% CIs are from modified Poisson regressions that include race/ethnicity, education, parity, T2D risk, perinatal depression, and attendance at a postpartum visit (model 1), plus preterm delivery, cesarean delivery, use of GDM medication, and GEM trial arm (model 2; n=1642).

*Additional model among postpartum survey responders includes all variables in model 2, plus recall of receiving provider advice about screening and recall of receiving provider advice about diabetes risk (n=1497).

T2D, type 2 diabetes.