Table 3.
CRQ-P/C item summary, including standardised factor loadings from initial and final confirmatory factor models (CFA) for the SCHOOL and COMMUNITY domains (n=1111)
| DOMAIN | Model fit/factor loadings | ||||||
| Item | N | M (SD) | Skew | Kurt | Initial congeneric CFA | Final congeneric CFA | |
| SCHOOL | |||||||
| Teachers | χ2 (9)=177.93, p<0.001; RMSEA=0.14 (.12,.15); CFI=0.98; TLI=0.97 | χ2 (2)=28.89, p<0.001; RMSEA=0.12 (.08,.15); CFI=1.00; TLI=0.99 | |||||
| 1 | The teachers help … | 1084 | 3.3 (0.8) | −0.9 | 3.5 | 0.79 | 0.80 |
| 2 | The teachers listen to …. | 1081 | 3.1 (0.8) | −0.8 | 3.3 | 0.84 | 0.88 |
| 3 | My child’s school/teachers celebrate … | 1078 | 3.3 (0.8) | −1.1 | 4.0 | 0.74 | – |
| 4 | My child has a teacher they can … | 1075 | 3.0 (1.0) | −0.9 | 3.3 | 0.75 | 0.76 |
| 5 | The teachers let my child know … | 1078 | 3.2 (0.8) | −0.8 | 3.4 | 0.81 | 0.75 |
| 6 | The teachers are fair … | 1070 | 3.2 (0.8) | −1.0 | 4.5 | 0.70 | – |
| Engagement | χ2 (9)=99.86, p<0.001; RMSEA=0.10 (.08,.12); CFI=0.98; TLI=0.97 | χ2 (2)=25.41, p<0.001; RMSEA=0.10 (.07,.15); CFI=0.99; TLI=0.98 | |||||
| 1 | My child likes learning … | 1095 | 3.2 (0.8) | −1.0 | 3.7 | 0.89 | 0.88 |
| 2 | My child doesn’t like … | 1082 | 3.2 (1.0) | −1.2 | 3.8 | 0.63 | – |
| 3 | My child is interested … | 1081 | 3.2 (0.8) | −0.9 | 3.4 | 0.88 | 0.88 |
| 4 | Trying hard at school … | 1077 | 3.0 (1.0) | −0.8 | 3.2 | 0.68 | 0.71 |
| 5 | My child finishes work … | 1061 | 2.8 (0.9) | −0.6 | 2.9 | 0.64 | 0.65 |
| Belonging PLUS Friend scale | χ2 (35)=607.70 p<0.001; RMSEA=0.13 (.12,.14); CFI=0.92; TLI=0.90 | No fit indices for 3-item model | |||||
| 1 | My child gets bullied … | 1083 | 3.0 (1.0) | −0.7 | 3.1 | 0.58 | – |
| 3 | My child feels comfortable … | 1073 | 3.2 (1.0) | −1.4 | 4.8 | −0.39 | – |
| 4 | My child feels different … | 1075 | 3.0 (1.1) | −0.7 | 2.8 | 0.61 | – |
| 5 | My child gets in trouble …. | 1081 | 3.2 (0.9) | −1.1 | 4.0 | 0.31 | – |
| 6 | My child is lonely … | 1066 | 3.2 (0.9) | −1.2 | 3.9 | 0.80 | – |
| 7 | My child finds it hard … | 1090 | 2.9 (1.1) | −0.7 | 2.8 | 0.73 | – |
| 8 | My child would like to … | 1073 | 1.9 (1.2) | −0.0 | 2.1 | 0.48 | – |
| 9 | My child has a group of friends … | 1081 | 3.3 (0.8) | −1.1 | 4.4 | −0.83 | 0.81 |
| 10 | My child has a friend they can … | 1067 | 2.7 (1.1) | −0.6 | 2.8 | −0.67 | 0.75 |
| 11 | My child has a best … | 1077 | 3.2 (1.0) | −1.3 | 4.3 | −0.78 | 0.90 |
| COMMUNITY | |||||||
| Culture | χ2 (27)=568.07, p<0.001; RMSEA=0.14 (.13,.15); CFI=96; TLI=0.94 | χ2 (2)=33.3, p<0.001; RMSEA=0.13 (.09,.17); CFI=0.99; TLI=0.98 | |||||
| 1 | My child is strong because … | 1029 | 2.9 (0.9) | −0.9 | 3.9 | 0.78 | 0.83 |
| 2 | My child is connected … | 1025 | 3.0 (0.9) | −0.9 | 3.7 | 0.80 | 0.81 |
| 3 | My child can deal with problems … | 1026 | 2.8 (1.0) | −0.6 | 3.2 | 0.82 | – |
| 4 | Our family culture or values … | 1023 | 2.8 (0.9) | −0.6 | 3.2 | 0.85 | 0.81 |
| 5 | My child likes going to events … | 1011 | 3.1 (0.9) | −1.0 | 3.7 | 0.72 | – |
| 6 | My child is connected to elders … | 1020 | 3.2 (1.1) | −1.3 | 3.9 | 0.63 | – |
| 7 | My child is strong because of our family … | 1016 | 2.9 (1.0) | −0.8 | 3.2 | 0.84 | 0.79 |
| 8 | Our family culture makes my … | 1003 | 2.9 (1.0) | −0.8 | 3.2 | – | – |
| Religion/spirituality | χ2 (5)=178.83, p<0.001; RMSEA=0.19 (.17,.21); CFI=0.98; TLI=0.96 | ||||||
| 1 | My child looks to their elders … | 1008 | 2.8 (1.1) | −0.7 | 2.7 | – | – |
| 2 | My child is connected to people … | 991 | 1.3 (1.5) | 0.7 | 2.0 | 0.69 | – |
| 3 | My child is connected to people … | 997 | 2.1 (1.4) | −0.2 | 1.8 | 0.87 | – |
| 4 | My child is connected to their spirit … | 966 | 2.0 (1.4) | −0.0 | 1.7 | 0.79 | – |
| 5 | Our family talk or yarn about … | 1007 | 2.6 (1.1) | −0.6 | 2.6 | 0.84 | – |
| 6 | Our family stories or spiritual beliefs … | 994 | 2.3 (1.3) | −0.3 | 2.1 | 0.89 | – |
| Language—opportunity to learn | Not calculated | Not calculated | |||||
| 1 | Learning this language … | 488 | 2.5 (0.7) | −1.0 | 2.9 | ||
| 2 | My child would like to learn … | 487 | 2.5 (0.6) | −1.1 | 3.0 | ||
| 3 | My child has had the opportunity … | 491 | 2.5 (0.7) | −0.8 | 2.5 | ||
| 4 | I encourage my child … | 487 | 2.7 (0.5) | −1.5 | 4.3 | ||
| Language—connectedness | χ2 (9)=123.42, p<0.001; RMSEA=0.16 (.14,.19); CFI=0.99; TLI=0.99 | χ2 (2)=15.84, p<0.001; RMSEA=0.12 (.07,.18); CFI=1.00; TLI=1.00 | |||||
| 1 | My child can speak … | 496 | 2.1 (0.6) | −0.1 | 2.4 | 0.95 | 0.96 |
| 2 | My child can understand … | 493 | 2.4 (0.6) | −0.5 | 2.3 | 0.94 | 0.95 |
| 3 | A family member speaks to … | 487 | 2.5 (0.6) | −0.9 | 2.8 | 0.85 | – |
| 4 | My child understands when … | 488 | 2.4 (0.7) | −0.7 | 2.3 | 0.89 | 0.87 |
| 5 | My child can easily talk to … | 487 | 2.1 (0.8) | −0.2 | 1.6 | 0.90 | – |
| 6 | My child likes to talk to … | 487 | 2.1 (0.8) | −0.2 | 1.7 | 0.91 | 0.86 |
| 7 | Understanding this language…feel special | 482 | 2.5 (0.7) | −0.9 | 2.6 | – | – |
| 8 | Understanding this language…feel connected | 483 | 2.5 (0.7) | −1.0 | 2.9 | – | – |
CRQ-P/C, Child Resilience Questionnaire (parent/caregiver report); RMSEA, root mean square error of approximation.