Table 4.

Summary of the final scales for the Child Resilience Questionnaire—Parent/Caregiver version

		CRQ-P/C total sample				Girls (n=421)	Boys (n=471)
	Items (range*)	n	Range	Mean (SD)	Cronbach α	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	T-test	P value
SELF
Positive self	5 (0–20)	1112	2–20	14.8 (3.3)	0.83	15.2 (3.2)	14.8 (3.3)	2.0	0.042
Positive future	4 (0–16)	1111	0–16	12.8 (2.7)	0.87	13.0 (2.5)	12.8 (2.7)	1.1	0.256
Managing emotions	3 (0–12)	1100	0–12	7.1 (2.4)	0.86	7.8 (2.3)	7.2 (2.4)	3.6	<0.001
FAMILY
Connectedness	4 (0–16)	1071	3–16	13.0 (2.6)	0.85	13.3 (2.5)	12.9 (2.6)	2.0	0.046
Basic needs	4 (0–16)	1070	6–16	14.1 (2.0)	0.61	14.1 (2.0)	14.1 (2.0)	−0.1	0.898
Guidance	3 (0–12)	1076	1–12	8.9 (2.3)	0.73	9.0 (2.3)	8.8 (2.3)	1.5	0.133
SCHOOL
Teacher support	4 (0–16)	1080	0–16	12.6 (2.8)	0.81	12.7 (2.6)	12.7 (2.8)	0.2	0.811
Engagement	4 (0–16)	1079	2–16	12.2 (2.8)	0.81	12.9 (2.5)	11.8 (3.0)	5.4	<0.001
Friends	3 (0–12)	1049	0–12	9.2 (2.4)	0.80	9.5 (3.3)	9.0 (2.4)	3.2	0.002
CULTURE
Connectedness	5 (0–20)	1023	0–16	11.6 (3.2)	0.84	11.8 (3.3)	11.6 (3.1)	0.8	0.433
Language†	4 (0–8)	489	0–8	4.9 (2.3)	0.88	5.2 (2.3)	4.9 (2.3)	0.9	0.347
CRQ total score	39 (0–156)	1062	57–152	115.8 (17.4)	0.93	118.6 (16.7)	115.1 (17.6)	3.0	0.003
CRQ total score (incl. lang)†	43 (0–172)	480	64–164	127.7 (18.4)	0.93	130.0 (17.6)	127.9 (18.4)	1.2	0.249

*Response options ranged from 0 ‘not at all’ to 4 ‘all of the time”, with exception of language where response options ranged from 0 ‘not at all’ to 2 ‘a lot”.

†Completed by multilingual families only.

CRQ-P/C, Child Resilience Questionnaire (parent/caregiver report).