Table 2.

Studies evaluating activities of daily living assessment. n, number of patients. ∗All individuals had an indication for cardiac stress testing; indications included unknown or suspected poor functional capacity, exertional angina. ^†No predictive variables reported in this study. ^‡Myocardial infarction, acute congestive heart failure, cardiac arrest, acute myocardial ischaemia, acute renal failure, stroke, respiratory failure, peripheral vascular occlusion. ADLs, activities of daily living; AUROC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; MET, metabolic equivalent.

First author, year (n)	Surgical cohort	Study design	Outcomes	Accuracy of prediction
Weinstein, 20183 (170)	Non-cardiac surgery∗	Retrospective	Compared METs achieved on history (ADLs assessment) vs METs achieved on cardiac stress testing	METs estimated by ADLs:  3.3 METs lower than that achieved on cardiac stress testing Agreement between the two methods:  Cohen's kappa=0.02†
Wiklund, 200125 (5,939)	Elective, inpatient non-cardiac surgery	Retrospective	Cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological or renal complications; mortality‡	Functional capacity <4 METs (as estimated by ADLs):  Predicted cardiac complications (AUROC=0.66)  Predicted mortality (AUROC=0.52)