Table 3.
Result of individual studies to evaluate friction
| Study | Outcome | Result | P | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| Friction coefficient (N) | Contact angle | Group 1 (uncoated S. S wire) | Group 2 (Ni + IF-WS2 coated S. S wire) | ||||||
| Redlich et al. (2008)[13] | 0° | 1.32±0.12 N | 1.10±0.06 N | <0.05 | |||||
| 5° | 2.95±0.09 N | 1.58±0.25 N | < 0.001 | ||||||
| 10° | 4.00±0.19 N | 1.85±0.21 N | <0.001 | ||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Static and kinetic coefficient of friction (N) | Contact angle | Static | Kinetic | ||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Group 1 (uncoated NiTi wire) | Group 2 (Co + IF-WS2 coated NiTi wire) | Group 1 (uncoated NiTi wire) | Group 2 (Co + IF-WS2 coated NiTi wire) | ||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Somorodnitzky et al. (2009)[14] | 2° | 0.103±0.3 | 0.083±0.01 | 0.103±0.02 | 0.077±0.01 | ||||
| 3.8° | 0.109±0.02 | 0.086±0.02 | 0.099±0.01 | 0.066±0.01 | |||||
| 5° | _ | 0.080±0.02 | _ | 0.061±0.01 | |||||
|
| |||||||||
| Static frictional force (g) | Contact angle | Bracket | Wire | Group 2 and 4 (uncoated) | Group 1 and 3 (DLC coated) | P | |||
|
| |||||||||
| Muguruma et al. (2011)[15] | 0° | Brand 1 (self ligating) | 0.016 NiTi | 6.63±2.15 | 6.12±1.32 | 0.796 | |||
| 0.018 NiTi | 7.39±1.88 | 6.88±1.23 | 0.631 | ||||||
| 0.19 x 0.025 S. S | 6.63±1.78 | 9.43±1.23 | 0.003 | ||||||
| Brand 2 (self ligating) | 0.016 NiTi | 6.88±1.72 | 6.88±2.42 | 0.971 | |||||
| 0.018 NiTi | 7.14±1.61 | 6.37±1.8 | 0.481 | ||||||
| 0.19 x 0.025 S. S | 46.65±8.92 | 46.65±7.11 | 0.739 | ||||||
| Brand 3 (conventional) | 0.016 NiTi | 125.68±26.14 | 98.66±13.17 | 0.011 | |||||
| 0.018 NiTi | 123. 13±33.59 | 79.03±7.88 | 0.0001 | ||||||
| 0.19 x 0.025 S. S | 120.58±16.04 | 101.89±11.71 | 0.015 | ||||||
| 10° | Brand 1 (self ligating) | 0.016 NiTi | 54.55±14.08 | 31.61±5.79 | 0.001 | ||||
| 0.018 NiTi | 139.19±40.7 | 110.89±15.91 | 0.063 | ||||||
| 0.019 x 0.025 S. S | 298.01±45.82 | 254.42±37.19 | 0.019 | ||||||
| Brand 2 (self ligating) | 0.016 NiTi | 41.3±11.82 | 26±3.56 | 0.0001 | |||||
| 0.018 NiTi | 117.52±43.64 | 88.21±11.41 | 0.063 | ||||||
| 0.019 x 0.025 S. S | 235.04±41.76 | 187.88±22.1 | 0.002 | ||||||
| Brand 3 (conventional) | 0.016 NiTi | 191. 45±30.2 | 113.95±14.47 | 0.0001 | |||||
| 0.018 NiTi | 211.08±29.55 | 182.78±22.48 | 0.043 | ||||||
| 0.19 x 0.025 S. S | 353.84±68.57 | 336±42.96 | 0.739 | ||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Coefficient of friction | Force application | Group 1 (BTUC 1) | Group 2 (BTUC 2) | Group 3 (BTUC 3) | P | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| Krishnan et al. (2012)[16] | 0.5 N | 0.108±0.015 | 0.162±0.031 | 0.086±0.008 | < 0.05 | ||||
| 1N | 0.125±0.014 | 0.112±0.006 | 0.067±0.05 | < 0.05 | |||||
|
| |||||||||
| Friction coefficient (µ) | Force application | Fretting condition | Group 1 (WCON-BCON) | Group 2 (WCON-BDLC) | Group 3 (WDLC-BCON) | Group 4 (WDLC-BDLC) | P | ||
| Kang et al. (2015)[17] | 1N | Dry | 0.60 | 0.53 | 0.13 | 0.11 | < 0.05 | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Ambient air | 0.40 | 0.38 | 0.12 | 0.12 | < 0.05 | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| Static and kinetic friction coefficient | Group 1 (uncoated S. S wire) | Group 2 (DLC coated S. S wire) | Group 3 (Nitrocrbarized S. S wire) | ||||||
|
| |||||||||
| static | kinetic | static | kinetic | static | Kinetic | P | |||
|
| |||||||||
| Zhang et al. (2016)[18] | 105.40±10.89 | 47.63±9.38 | 107.33±27.28 | 28.24±9.17 | 89.34±13.84 | 48.43±11.03 | 0.001 | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Frictional force (N) | Contact angle | Group 1 (OO- uncoated S. S wire and uncoated bracket) | Group 2 (ZO- coated S. S wire and uncoated bracket) | Group 3 (OZ- uncoated S. S wire and coated bracket) | Group 4 (ZZ- coated S. S wire and coated bracket) | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| Behroozian et al. (2016)[19] | 0° | 2.70±0.2 N | 2.65±0.2N | 2.18±0.5N (P<0.05) | 3.07±0.4 N (P<0.05) | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| Load values of frictional resistance (N) | Group 1[0.017×0.025”coated S. S wire] | Group 2 (0.017×0.025” uncoated S. S wire) | Group 3 (0.019×0.025” coated S. S wire) | ||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Shah et al. (2018)[20] | 1.8±0.83 N | 1.46±0.80 N (P=0.854) | 1.55±0.32 N (P=0.711) | 2.56±0.99 N (P=0.002) | |||||
|
| |||||||||
| Frictional force (N) | Contact angle | conditions | Brackets | Group 1 (uncoated S. S wire) | Group 2 (Ni coated S. S wire) | Group 3 (Ni + MoS2 coated S. S wire) | Group 4 (Ni + WS2 coated S. S wire) | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Gracco et al. (2019)[21] | 0° | Dry condition | Damon Q | 0.58±0.12 | 3.22 ± 0.92 | 0.42 ± 0.08 | 0.50 ± 0.08 | ||
| In Ovation | 1.24±0.12 | 3.35 ± 0.57 | 0.64 ± 0.06 | 0.79 ± 0.06 | |||||
| Wet condition | DamonQ | 0.95±0.09 | 1.01 ± 0.07 | 0.66 ± 0.13 | 0.94 ± 0.07 | ||||
| In Ovation | 1.45±0.17 | 1.75 ± 0.11 | 0.91 ± 0.19 | 1.13 ± 0.16 | |||||
| 5° | Dry condition | Damon Q | 1.27±0.18 | 9.25 ± 4.01 | 0.94 ± 0.11 | 1.19 ± 0.14 | |||
| In ovation | 1.43±0.06 | 7.96 ± 0.59 | 1.06 ± 0.07 | 1.06 ± 0.13 | |||||
| Wet condition | Damon Q | 1.87±0.10 | 1.33 ± 0.10 | 1.16 ± 0.07 | 1.27 ± 00.18 | ||||
| In Ovation | 2.52±0.09 | 4.06 ± 0.45 | 1.46 ± 0.13 | 2.35 ± 0.19 | |||||
WCON-BCON (conventional S. S wire and bracket) WCON-BDLC (conventional S. S wire and DLC coated bracket) WDLC-BCON (DLC coated S. S wire and conventional bracket) WDLC-BDLC (DLC coated S. S wire and bracket), BTUC-1 (beta titanium uncoated) BTUC-2 (beta titanium TiAlN coated) BTUC-3 (beta titanium WC/C coated)