Table 1.

Follow-up studies on effects of BAMP[22,29,30,31,32,33,34]

Author, Year	Sample	Follow-up duration	Structure studied	Aim	Findings
Nguyen, 2014[29]	25 patients, mean age of 11.10±1.1 years	1 year	Mandible	To measure amount of skeletal changes a year after BAMP in growing children (aged 9-13 years)	Posterior chin displacement (0.45 mm); decrease in gonial angle; posterior ramal distalization; distal condylar displacement in three patterns namely, downwards and backwards, straight backwards and upwards and backwards.
Nguyen, 2020[30]		9-12 months	Maxilla Mandible Lower incisors	To assess effects of BAMP of the skeletal and dental structures	5.2 mm of maxillary protraction was noted without counter-clockwise rotation. Restricted from forward movement by 0.6 mm compared to untreated matched controls who showed an anterior growth of 2.2 mm. Proclination by 2° noted.
Cevidanes, 2010[31]	BAMP-21, FM/RME-34, mean age of 11 years 10 months	12 months	Maxilla Mandible Mandibular Incisors	To compare the effects of BAMP with facemask given with rapid maxillary expansion (FM/RME)	Greater orthopedic protraction with higher displacement of A- Vert T (2.3 mm) and A- Condylion (2.9 mm) in BAMP group. Restraint of 0.6 mm in BAMP group and 1.2 mm in FM/RME group. Reduction in mandibular plane angle in BAMP group by 1.2° whereas opening by 2.3° was noted in the FM/RME group. Distal displacement of the ramus along with closure of the mandible lead to “swing back” of the mandible in the BAMP group whereas downward and backward rotation was noted in the FM/RME group. BAMP caused decompensation with 1.9° of proclination whereas FM/RME caused a retroclination by 4.3°.
C. Ağlarcı, 2016[32]	59 patients; mean age, cases, 11.75±1.23 years, controls, 11.21±1.32 years	9 months	Maxillary incisors Mandibular Incisors Occlusal plane Maxilla Mandible	Effects of BAMP on the dental and skeletal structures in comparison to Facemask therapy	Protrusion was twice in the facemask group than that of skeletal anchorage group. Retroclined in facemask group and proclined in the skeletal anchorage group. Steepened more in the facemask than the skeletal anchorage group. Increase in sagittal advancement of point A and ANS in the skeletal anchorage group was greater in comparison to the facemask group. Downward and clockwise rotation higher in the facemask group.
Lagravère, 2010[33]	62 patients, age range of 10-14 years	12 months	Soft tissue	To assess the 3D soft tissue changes in growing Class III patients	Significant positive sagittal displacement in the upper lips, cheeks, and mid face noted. Significant negative sagittal changes in the chin and lower lip thereby showing their restrained growth, which was more evident in the BAMP group rather than the bone anchored facemask group.
Cornelis, 2021[22]	28 studies; 3 52 patients	1.9 years	Skeletal	To assess the skeletal and dental changes produced by BAMP therapy	Type 1 and type 2 BAMP showed similar changes in ANB correction (4.2 degrees for type 1, 3.5 degrees for type 2). Witts correction of 5.1 mm was also similar in the two groups. Type 2 BAMP was found to produce a lower incisor proclination of 1.3 degrees whereas type 1 produced a retroclination of 4 degrees compared to untreated controls.
Steegman, 2021[34]	19 cleft patients, 17 controls	1.5-3.5 years	Skeletal	To evaluate the skeletal changes in growing class III cleft patients 3.5 years after therapy	Point A showed an anterior displacement of 2.7±0.9 mm from T0-T2. Zygoma showed a displacement of 3.8±1.2 mm. Point B showed no significant displacement from T0-T2. ANB showed an improvement of 3.3°. Changes between T0-T1 and T1-T2 showed no significant difference indicating maintenance of the results in the first 1.5 years. Also, continuous orthopedic effects were noted in the following 2 years.