Table 3.
First differences wage regressions (dependent variable: Δ of log. of establ. wages p. capita)
| (a) Restrictions in hiring workers | (b) Restrictions in hiring skilled workers | |
|---|---|---|
| Collective bargaining agreement (ref.: no collective bargaining agreement) | ||
| Introduction of a collective bargaining agreement |
0.031* (0.013) |
0.031* (0.013) |
| Abolition of a collective bargaining agreement |
−0.011 (0.011) |
−0.012 (0.011) |
| Maintaining of a collective bargaining agreement |
-0.001 (0.003) |
0.000 (0.003) |
| Restrictions in hiring new workers (ref.: no restrictions) | ||
| Starting restrictions |
0.019** (0.006) |
0.018** (0.006) |
| Ending restrictions |
−0.003 (0.007) |
−0.001 (0.007) |
| Continuing restrictions |
0.007 (0.005) |
0.004 (0.005) |
| Interaction variables | ||
| Introduction of a collective bargaining agreement• | ||
| Starting restrictions |
−0.017 (0.039) |
−0.046 (0.042) |
| Ending restrictions |
−0.028 (0.036) |
−0.006 (0.033) |
| Continuing restrictions |
−0.025 (0.030) |
−0.020 (0.027) |
| Abolition of a collective bargaining agreement• | ||
| Starting restrictions |
−0.043 (0.031) |
−0.036 (0.032) |
| Ending restrictions |
0.038 (0.037) |
0.037 (0.035) |
| Continuing restrictions |
−0.018 (0.027) |
−0.019 (0.029) |
| Maintaining of a collective bargaining agreement• | ||
| Starting restrictions |
−0.025** (0.009) |
−0.028** (0.009) |
| Ending restrictions |
0.005 (0.011) |
−0.005 (0.011) |
| Continuing restrictions |
−0.002 (0.007) |
0.001 (0.008) |
| R2 | 0.0753 | 0.0752 |
| F-Test (df1; df2) |
27.08** (45; 13,262) |
27.07** (45; 13,262) |
| Observations (Establishments) |
46,242 (13,263) |
46,242 (13,263) |
Source: IAB Establishment Panel 2008–2018.
Note: The model also includes the following dichotomous and auxiliary variables: Log. of running sum of expansion investment, log. of value added, shares of temporary employed, female workers, workers with a degree from university, workers subject to the German social security system, apprentices, foreign workers, workers younger than 25, workers older than 50, dummies for export, foreign ownership, individual ownership or partnership, single establishment and high competition, establishment size (six dummies), family management (two dummies), state of machinery (two dummies) and profitability (two dummies). Standard errors are adjusted for clustering on establishments. **; * and ‡ denote significance at the .01; .05 and .10 level, respectively