Table 6.

Descriptive statistics of variables in sample

Variable	Observations	Mean	Std. dev.	Minimum	Maximum
Existing working time accounts	106,222	0.461	0.498	0	1
Planned working time accounts	106,222	0.018	0.132	0	1
Log. of running sum of expansion investments	106,737	5.776	5.999	0	20.690
Coverage by a collective bargaining agreement (industry level)	106,405	0.279	0.449	0	1
Coverage by a collective bargaining agreement (firm level)	106,405	0.050	0.217	0	1
Log. of value added	93,327	13.101	2.137	3.792	23.044
Share of workers with university degree	105,415	0.079	0.174	0	2
Share of female workers	106,707	0.391	0.308	0	1
Share of fixed-term workers	106,117	0.044	0.118	0	1
Share of workers subject to social insurance contributions	106,737	0.709	0.297	0	1
Share of apprentices	105,420	0.041	0.084	0	0.795
Share of workers from EU countries	106,737	0.146	0.329	0	1
Share of workers from non-EU countries	106,737	0.148	0.330	0	1
Share of workers older than 50	106,737	0.426	0.319	0	1
Share of workers younger than 25	106,737	0.212	0.326	0	1
Share of exporting firms	105,987	0.239	0.426	0	1
Share of foreign owned firms	103,567	0.053	0.224	0	1
Share of individually owned firms or partnerships	106,376	0.431	0.495	0	1
Share of single establishment firms	105,663	0.829	0.376	0	1
High level of competition dummy	106,589	0.385	0.486	0	1
Western Germany (dummy)	106,737	0.570	0.495	0	1
Exclusively managed by owners	102,158	0.728	0.445	0	1
Partly managed by owners	102,158	0.069	0.254	0	1
Very good / good condition of machinery	106,502	0.156	0.363	0	1
Average condition of machinery	106,502	0.478	0.500	0	1
High profitability	106,373	0.477	0.499	0	1
Average profitability	106,373	0.308	0.461	0	1

Source: IAB Establishment Panel 2008–2018