Nos.	Authors	Research location	AR/VR	Type of work	Focused tourism place/object	Technology used
1	Balduini et al. (2012)	South Korea	AR	Design research	City’s point of interest	Location-based; BOTTARI app; Smartphone /Tablet; Twitter
2	Chu et al. (2012)	China	AR	Design research	Park	Location-based; Geopark app; Smartphone
3	Kounavis et al. (2012)	Not available	AR	Conceptual	Not mentioned	Not mentioned
4	Damala et al. (2013)	Not available	AR	Conceptual	Museum	Eye-tracking; Gesture-tracking; Audio-tracking; Physiological sensing; ARtSENSE; Smartglasses
5	Ghadban et al. (2013)	Palestine	VR	Design research	Cultural heritage	Virtual environment; U-shape theatre projector; Polarized-glasess; Controller
6	Balduini et al. (2014)	South Korea	AR	Design research	City’s point of interest	Location-based; BOTTARI app; Smartphone/Tablet; Twitter
7	Chang et al. (2014)	Taiwan	AR	Empirical—mixed method	Museum	Markerless-based; Tablet PC
8	Sommerauer and Müller (2014)	Liechtenstein	AR	Empirical—quantitative	Exhibition	Marker-based; Smartphone; Aurasma Glued
9	Yovcheva et al. (2014)	United Kingdom	AR	Design research	City’s point of interest	Location-based; Smartphone; Junaio; LocalScope; Wikitude; AccrossAir
10	Chang et al. (2015)	Taiwan	AR	Empirical—mixed method	Cultural site	Markerless-based; Tablet
11	Chung et al. (2015)	South Korea	AR	Empirical—quantitative	Palace	Location-based; Deoksugung In My Hand app; Smartphone
12	Grubert et al. (2015)	Austria	AR	Design research	Ski resort	Markerless-based; Smartphone
13	Jung et al. (2015)	South Korea	AR	Empirical—Quantitative	Theme park	Marker-based
14	Kourouthanassis et al. (2015a)	Greece	AR	Design research	City’s point of interest	Location-based; CorfuAR app; Layar
15	Kourouthanassis et al. (2015b)	Greece	AR	Design research	City’s point of interest	Location-based; CorfuAR app; Layar
16	Madsen and Madsen (2015)	Denmark	AR	Design research	Museum	Markerless-based; Tablet
17	Damala et al. (2016)	Netherlands	AR	Design research	Museum	Markerless-based; Smartphone
18	García-Crespo et al. (2016)	Not available	AR	Design research	City	Location-based; Cloud-based integration
19	Mason (2016)	United States of America	AR	Design research	Museum	Marker-based; Google Glass
20	Pendit et al. (2016)	Malaysia	AR	Design research	Cultural site	Location-based; AR@Melaka
21	Shang et al. (2016)	Malaysia	AR	Design research	Not mentioned	Markerless-based
22	Siang et al. (2016)	Malaysia	AR	Empirical—quantitative	City	Location-based;
23	tom Dieck et al. (2016)	England	AR	Design research	Art gallery	Markerless-based; Museum Zoom app; Google Glass
24	Trojan (2016)	Czech	AR	Design research	City’s point of interest	Integrating AR services for the masses: geotagged POI transformation platform
25	Aluri (2017)	United States of America	AR	Empirical—quantitative	Not mentioned	Location-based; Pokemon Go; Smartphone
26	Bogomazova and Stenyushkina (2017)	Russia	AR	Conceptual	Not mentioned	Not mentioned
27	Cheeyong et al. (2017)	South Korea	VR	Design research	Marine leisure sport	360-video; Head Mounted Display
28	Choi and Kim (2017)	South Korea	AR	Design research	Museum	Location-based; Head Mounted Display
29	Cushing and Cowan (2017)	Ireland	AR	Design research	Cultural site	Location-based; Walk1916 app; Smartphone
30	Gimeno et al. (2017)	Spain	AR	Design research	Museum	Marker-based; Location-based; Smartphone
31	Jung and tom Dieck (2017)	United Kingdom	AR	Conceptual	Museum	Marker-based
32	Kasinathan et al. (2017)	Not available	AR	Design research	Not mentioned	Location-based
33	Lee et al. (2017)	Taiwan	AR	Empirical—quantitative	Cultural site	Markerless-based; Smartphone
34	Lin and Chen (2017)	Thailand	AR	Empirical—quantitative	Ethnic	Markerless-based; Smartphone; Google Speech API; Samsung text-to-speech engine
35	Pedersen et al. (2017)	Canada	AR	Design research	Museum	Tombseer app; Meta Developer Kit
36	Roongrungsi et al. (2017)	Thailand	AR	Design research	Cultural site	Marker-based; ARCH-TOUR
37	Shukri et al. (2017)	Not available	AR	Conceptual	Not mentioned	Not mentioned
38	Tan and Lim (2017)	Malaysia	AR	Design research	Cultural site	Markerless-based; MIGHT
39	tom Dieck and Jung (2017)	United Kingdom	AR	Empirical—qualitative	Museum	Not mentioned
40	Yeh et al. (2017)	Taiwan	VR	Empirical—quantitative	City’s point of interest	360-image; Computer
41	Abidin et al. (2018)	Not available	AR	Design research	Not mentioned	Location-based
42	Chung et al. (2018)	South Korea	AR	Empirical—quantitative	Palace	Location-based; Deoksugung In My Hand app; Smartphone
43	Fenu and Pittarello (2018)	Italy	AR	Design research	Museum	Markerless-based; Smartphone; Wikitude
44	Han et al. (2018)	Ireland	AR	Empirical—qualitative	City’s point of interest	Marker-based; Location-based; DublinAR app; Smartphone
45	Jung et al. (2018)	South Korea; Ireland	AR	Empirical—quantitative	Palace, Post office	Marker-based; Location-based; DublinAR app; Deoksugung In My Hand app; Smartphone
46	Kersten et al. (2018)	Germany	VR	Design research	Museum	3D-modelling; HTC Vive
47	Marasco et al. (2018)	Italy	VR	Empirical—quantitative	Cultural site	360-video; Oculus Rift
48	Marchiori et al. (2018)	Switzerland	VR	Empirical—quantitative	City’s point of interest	360-image; 360-video; Oculus Rift
49	Nisi et al. (2018)	Portugal	AR	Design research	Museum	Marker-based; Yasmin Adventure app; Smartphone
50	Oh et al. (2018)	South Korea	AR	Design research	Museum	ARfract app; Meta One
51	Panou et al. (2018)	Greece	AR	Design research	Cultural site	Location-based; Smartphone
52	Paulo et al. (2018)	Portugal	AR	Empirical—quantitative	Not mentioned	Mobile device
53	Raptis et al. (2018)	Greece	AR	Empirical—mixed method	Cultural site	Holo Tour; HoloLens; Tobii Pro Glasses 2
54	tom Dieck et al. (2018c)	United Kingdom	VR	Empirical—qualitative	Park	360-video; Google Cardboard
55	tom Dieck and Jung (2018)	Ireland	AR	Empirical—qualitative	City’s point of interest	Marker-based; Location-based; DublinAR app; Smartphone
56	tom Dieck et al. (2018a)	England	AR	Empirical—quantitative	City’s point of interest	Location-based; iBeacon; Smartphone
57	tom Dieck et al. (2018b)	United Kingdom	AR	Empirical—qualitative	Art gallery	Museum Zoom app; Google Glass
58	Tussyadiah et al. (2018a)	United Kingdom	AR	Empirical—quantitative	Art gallery	Museum Zoom app; Google Glass
59	Tussyadiah et al. (2018b)	Hongkong; United Kingdom	VR	Empirical—quantitative	City; Park	360-image; 360-video; Google Cardboard; Samsung Gear VR
60	Wagler and Hanus (2018)	United States of America	VR	Empirical—quantitative	Capitol building	360-video; Oculus Rift
61	Yoon et al. (2018)	United States of America	AR	Empirical—Mixed method	Museum	Interactive device
62	Baker et al. (2019)	Iraq	AR	Design research	Museum	Marker-based
63	Bogicevic et al. (2019)	United States of America	VR	Empirical—quantitative	Hotel	360-image; HTC Vive; Laptop
64	Errichiello et al. (2019)	Italy	VR	Empirical—quantitative	Cultural site	3D modelling; Samsung Oculus Gear
65	Fang and Lin (2019)	Taiwan	VR	Empirical—quantitative	City	360-image; 360-video; Google Street; Veer VR; VR Box
66	Flavián et al. (2019)	Not available	VR	Empirical—quantitative	City; Canyon	360-video; HMD; Computer
67	Han et al. (2019a)	United Kingdom	AR	Empirical—qualitative	Art gallery	Google Glass
68	Israel et al. (2019)	Germany	VR	Empirical—quantitative	Hotel	360-image; Gear VR
69	Kassim et al. (2019)	Not available	AR	Design research	Museum	Not mentioned
70	Koo et al. (2019)	South Korea	AR	Design research	Fortress	Markerless-based; Smartphone
71	Lee et al. (2019)	United Kingdom	VR	Empirical—quantitative	Museum	360-video; Samsung Gear VR
72	Li and Chen (2019)	China	VR	Empirical—quantitative	Cultural site	HMD
73	Rodrigues et al. (2019)	Portugal	AR	Empirical—quantitative	Museum	Location-based; Portable device for touch, taste and smell (PDTTS); Smartphone
74	Tsai (2019)	China	AR	Empirical—quantitative	Cultural site	Location-based
75	Wei et al. (2019)	United States of America	VR	Empirical—quantitative	Theme park	Not mentioned
76	Wu et al. (2019)	Taiwan	VR	Empirical—quantitative	City	360-video; Oculus
77	Yung, Khoo-Lattimore, and Potter (2019)	Not available	VR	Empirical—quantitative	Cruise ship	360-video; Princess Cruise; HTC Vive
78	Adachi et al. (2020)	Not available	VR	Empirical—quantitative	City’s point of interest	360-video; Samsung Gear VR; Computer
79	Baker et al. (2020)	Not available	AR	Design research	Museum	Marker-based; Smartphone
80	Cranmer et al. (2020)	Germany	AR	Empirical—qualitative	Tourism trade fair	Not mentioned
81	Hammady et al. (2020)	Egypt	AR	Design research	Museum	HoloLens
82	Jung et al. (2020)	South Korea; Ireland	AR	Empirical—quantitative	Palace; Museum	Markerless-based; DublinAR app; Deoksugung In My Hand app
83	Kim et al. (2020)	Not available	VR	Empirical—quantitative	Not mentioned	Not mentioned
84	Lacka (2020)	Not available	AR	Empirical—quantitative	Not mentioned	Location-based
85	Lin et al. (2020)	China; Taiwan	VR	Empirical—quantitative	Painting	3D modelling; HTC Vive
86	Puig et al. (2020)	Spain	VR	Design research	Cultural site	3D modelling; Draga 360; HTC Vive
87	Wu et al. (2020)	Taiwan	AR	Empirical—quantitative	Exhibition	Not mentioned
88	Zeng et al. (2020)	China	VR	Empirical—quantitative	Hotel	360-image; HMD