Table 5.

The number of respondent farmers who reported the overall production constraints (pests = 40.95%, diseases = 34.29% as most important), key diseases (bacterial wilt 21.9%, downy mildew 12.38%) and pests (whiteflies 29.50, aphids 20.00%) among others affecting watermelon and pumpkin production in the study areas in Uganda

Production constraints	Regions									Total	%	df	χ2	P
	Acholi	Central	East Central	Elgon	Lango	South western	Teso	West Nile	Western
Overall
Diseases	5	8	4	3	1	2	2	5	6	36	34.29	64	87.51	0.027*
Drought	0	1	1	1	2	0	1	1	2	9	8.57
High labour costs	0	2	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	5	4.76
High transport costs	0	0	1	0	2	1	2	0	0	6	5.71
Low yields	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	2	1.90
Limited market	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0.95
Pests	1	12	0	6	2	8	6	3	5	43	40.95
Price fluctuation	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	2	1.90
Poor soils	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0.95
Diseases
Anthracnose	1	1	0	2	3	0	0	2	1	10	9.52	48	67.44	0.033*
Downy mildew	0	4	0	4	1	0	1	1	2	13	12.38
Gummy stem blight	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0.95
Powdery mildew	0	4	2	0	0	2	0	0	0	8	7.62
Virus-like disease	1	2	1	0	0	1	2	0	0	7	6.67
Bacterial wilt	2	8	5	2	0	0	1	2	3	23	21.90
Pests
Aphids	1	2	3	0	4	4	3	2	2	21	20.00	64	153.3	< 0.001*
Beetles	0	1	1	4	0	0	0	0	0	6	5.71
Melon flies	1	14	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	17	16.19
Mites	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	1.90
Rats	0	2	2	0	0	0	0	0	4	8	7.62
Rindworm	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0.95
Whiteflies	2	1	3	4	3	5	7	3	3	31	29.52
Cutworm	1	0	0	3	2	2	2	0	0	10	9.52
Red ants	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	4	4	9	8.57

df degree of freedom

χ² chi-square value for the measure of association

P probability value

^*denotes significant differences