Fig. 3.

Percentage occurrence of selected pollen and spores from the El Junco paleoecological record. Sporormiella percentages of the pollen sum and concentrations (spores per cubic centimeter) are shown. The axis 1 scores of the DCA of the fossil pollen flora for the period from c. 1560 to 2000 CE are plotted against time. The periods of whaling and the settlement of the San Cristóbal highlands are indicated. The background is an inferred grazing pressure around El Junco based on our data and the literature, with green representing tortoise grazing and gray that of introduced livestock. The dashed lines mark inflection in vegetation history.