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. 2022 Jun 6;119(24):e2122808119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2122808119

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

The caffeoyl moieties of caffeoylated HGL-DTGs arise from ingested CAs. (A) Specialized metabolomes of leaves of three different transgenic wild tobacco plants were compared with the frass metabolomes of caterpillars fed these leaves; different colors reflect different classes of metabolites; PA, phenolamides. (B) The concentrations ( n = 6, in fresh mass (FM)) of HGL-DTGs (blue), quinic acid conjugates (QACs; pink), and phenolamides (purple) in homozygous transgenic plants that were silenced in CA accumulations [irHQT (15)] or in the expression of the phenolamide master regulator [irMYB8 (14)], with plants transformed with an EV as controls. (C) The concentrations (n = 6) of HGL-DTGs and two major forms of HC-HGL-DTGs (red), caffeoylated and coumaroylated, in the frass of M. sexta larvae fed different transgenic plants. (D) Supplementing AD with CA and HGL-DTGs results in the accumulation of caffeoylated HGL-DTGs in the frass of M. sexta larvae feeding on these diets. Asterisks indicate significant differences compared with data from EV plants (**P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; Student t test with Bonferroni correction). (B and C) The upper whisker extends from the hinge to the largest value no further than 1.5 * interquartile range (IQR) from the hinge and the lower whisker extends from the hinge to the smallest value at most 1.5 * IQR of the hinge.