Table 2.
Consumption of ASF, fruits, vegetables, and grains
| Independent variable† | Food category consumption (dependent variable)‡ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ln(A) | ln(F) | ln(V) | ln(G) | |
| Treatment × Months in Trial | 0.013* | 0.013 | 0.000 | −0.006 |
| Treatment | −0.038 | −0.140 | −0.144* | 0.003 |
| Time in Trial (mo) | 0.015*** | 0.034*** | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| MAM @ one or more visits | −0.119 | −0.404** | −0.186 | 0.067 |
| SAM @ one or more visits | −0.596**** | −0.598* | −0.291 | −1.186** |
| Time since MAM | 0.000 | 0.008 | 0.009 | 0.004 |
| Time since SAM | 0.053**** | 0.040 | 0.011 | 0.107** |
| >18 mo × Breastfeeding | −0.179* | −0.253* | −0.113**** | −0.092* |
| ≤18 mo × Not breastfeeding | −1.664*** | −3.541*** | −4.586*** | −6.240*** |
| ≤18 mo × Breastfeeding | −2.461*** | −4.037*** | −5.095*** | −6.542*** |
| >18 mo × Child Age | 0.007 | −0.027 | 0.002 | −0.003 |
| ≤18 mo × Child Age | 0.234*** | 0.445*** | 0.556*** | 1.054*** |
| >18 mo × Child Age sq. | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| ≤18 mo × Child Age sq. | −0.007** | −0.016*** | −0.016*** | −0.040*** |
| ln(Per capita income) | 0.016**** | 0.002 | 0.008 | −0.004 |
| Female Child | 0.016 | −0.001 | 0.024 | −0.039 |
| Mother’s (Caregiver§) Age | 0.001 | −0.006** | 0.004** | 0.002**** |
| Mother’s (Caregiver§) Education Level | 0.185*** | 0.126**** | 0.031 | 0.062** |
| cosmonth | 0.019 | 0.314*** | 0.073** | 0.049** |
| sinmonth | 0.035 | −0.238*** | −0.093*** | 0.017 |
| Intercept | 0.001 | 0.810 | 1.063*** | 2.321*** |
The number of observations for all equations is 2,549. The estimation method is the structural equation model with random effects at the child level. Food intake regressions are estimated simultaneously with the HAZ and WHZ regressions presented in Table 3 using the Stata 17 gsem routine with random effects at the individual child level. *Statistically significant at P < 0.1; **statistically significant at P < 0.05; ***statistically significant at P < 0.01; ****statistically significant at P < 0.15.
†Independent variables include the NDV vaccination treatment group (the control group is the base case), time since first diagnosis of MAM (MUAC of 115 to 124 mm) or SAM (MUAC of <115 mm), time in the trial in months, child age and breastfeeding status (18 mo+ × not breastfeeding is the base case), logarithm of per capita income, gender of the child, mother’s age, mother’s education level, and month of the year (to reflect seasonality). The use of 18 mo as an age reference is based on our data that the transition from breastfeeding as the primary source of child nutrition through a period of increased intake of other food sources occurs up to month 18 (Fig. 2). × represents the interaction between two variables.
‡Dependent variables are the natural logarithm of the number of servings for each food consumption category (ASF [A], fruits [F], vegetables [V], grains [G]).
§Principal respondent and responsible for child care.