Table 1.

Classification of the reported approaches.

Reported approaches		Authors	Reported definition
Participatory design approach
	Participatory design	Peters et al [61]	Yes
	Participatory design (explore, approximate, refine framework)	Buitenweg et al [62]	Yes
	Participatory design thinking and methods	Terp et al [63]	Yes
	Participatory design (using research and development cycle)	Ospina-Pinillos et al [64]	Yes
	User-involvement processes	Buus et al [52]	Yes
	Participatory design process	Cheng et al [65]	Yes
	Participatory design approach	Reupert et al [66]	Yes
	Participatory design methods	Gulliver et al [67]	Not reported
	Participatory design	Werner-Seidler et al [68]	Not reported
	Participatory design process	Peck et al [69]	Not reported
	Participatory design	Povey et al [70]a	Not reported
Co-design approach
	Co-design approach	Yoo et al [71]a	Not reported
	Iterative co-design process	Christie et al [72]	Not reported
	Co-design process	Povey et al [70]a	Not reported
	Co-design	Torous et al [73]	Not reported
	Co-design	Bevan Jones et al [74]a	Not reported
	Human-centered co-design	Hetrick et al [75]a	Not reported
User-centered approach
	User-centered approach	Honary et al [76]	Yes
	(Aligned with) person-based approach	Abraham et al [77]	Yes
	User-centered approach	Stawarz et al [78]	Yes
	Person-based/person-centered approach; user-centered approach	Bevan Jones et al [74]a	Yes
	User-centered design research	Hardy et al [79]a	Not reported
Specific design methods
	Design research framework	Terlouw et al [80]	Yes
	Iterative approach informed by the ADDIEb framework	Khan et al [81]	Yes
	UK Design Council’s Double Diamond method	Hardy et al [79]a	Not reported
	Agile design development/design studio methodology	Hetrick et al [75]a	Yes
	Needs-affordances analysis framework	Yoo et al [71]a	Yes

^aAuthors who reported using more than one approach.

^bADDIE: Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate.