Box 2.

Selected quotes from open-ended mock scenario questions.

What concerns do you have about the use of DNA for law enforcement, immigration, and/or human trafficking?
“Corruption, use for punitive purposes. Perhaps a law could be created that states the particular DNA collected in the program cannot be used against donors in a court of law.” – 34 year old female, social worker
“Many victims of trafficking are undocumented, and while there are visas and laws in place to help them stay in this country, that does not always happen easily, so it is possible additional information/identification could be used against them in deportation. Additionally, the time/effort/money going into a program like this does not seem like a wise use of limited resources.” – 30 year old female, social worker
“Our DNA is a fundamental part of who we are and it seems like we are being asked to give up a tiny part of ourselves in some way nearly everyday. There is a tremendous amount of good that can come from these sciences but there is also the potential for terrible repercussions. When a piece of information as valuable as a persons’ fundamental identity is on the line can we really be too careful with who should hold that information, who should be able to use it and what they can use it for? The intended purpose may be altruistic but ultimately, 10–15 years later, who knows how or why that same information may be applied.” – male, unknown age, volunteer
What benefits are there to using DNA for law enforcement, immigration, and/or human trafficking?
“I see value in using DNA to identify perpetrators of crimes, linking them to a murder scene for example. I also think there is potential benefit in using DNA for identification of children/missing children/adoption, but it requires the utmost confidentiality and care of information, which is difficult to trust our government, must less other more corrupt governments to provide the necessary precautions. Most NGOs have better intentions but lack the infrastructure and technology to seriously guard sensitive information. I also see the value in using DNA for human trafficking, but I do worry about human rights violations that could have negative and unintentional effects for the victims.” – 30 year old female, social worker
“In the case of missing persons: Identification of human remains and repatriation to victim families, identification of living missing persons and reunification with biological families, addressing/persecuting missing person related crimes (such as human trafficking, etc.).” – 46 year old male, scientist
“It helps get around the tactics traffickers use to hide their victims.” – 24 year old female, communications
What concerns would you have about participation?
International Adoptions	“My concern would be the DNA samples were not kept confidential or could in some way be used against the Guatemalan families. Also concern regarding the accuracy with which a child can be matched to a family of origin, making sure that children weren’t sent back to the wrong families.” – 30 year old female, social worker
	“1. Family and child informed consent. 2. Right to privacy guarantees. 3. Judicial consequences in case there is an identification (i.e., what will happen [next]?)” – 46 year old male, scientist
Child Soldiers	“Procedures for protection of samples and information. Special consideration for the needs of the child, including considerations of the negative consequences of reunification. Transparent and fair processes that respect the families’ privacy. Ensuring the government processes have appropriate checks and balances and transparency so attempts to cover up political involvement in crimes against humanity, etc. are not covered up.”– 42 year old female
	“That the children’s DNA would include medical information about [diseases] that would stigmatize them in their home community.” – 24 year old female, communications
Sex Trafficking	“Exploitation of the sex workers’ rights - being accused of crimes not committed.”– 27 year old female, sociologist
	“Prejudicial administration and implementation. Privacy issues.” – 31 year old female, lawyer
What would motivate you to encourage or discourage participation?
International Adoptions	“Knowing more about how samples and data were stored and used, what kind of DNA analysis was used (whole genome, selected markers, etc.), and what kind of counseling children and families were given before participating.”– 29 year old male, lawyer
	“I think orphanages can be pretty grim places to grow up, and if a child has a family to go back to, and this could help them get home, iťs worth the risk.”– 24 year old female, communications
Child Soldiers	“I would encourage participation when data security is present, when corrupting forces are minimized, when child soldiers and families both desire reunification, when child soldiers can be protected during the identification and reunification process, and when family members can be protected from potential reprisal or punishment for providing DNA. I would discourage unstable testing programs that could not provide participants with informed choices, data security, and personal/communal safety.”– 32 year old female, volunteer
	“That families hold the information and only provide to government or police agencies when seeking help.”– 63 year old female, sociologist
Sex Trafficking	“I would encourage participation for those wanting peace of mind, concerned about potential danger involved with sex work, and those generally supportive of database-based law enforcement protocols. I would discourage participation if DNA samples cannot be kept securely, or if collection and use protocols are not clearly developed and clearly enforced.” – 32 year old female, volunteer
	“Knowing more about limits on university’s ability to use samples, local law enforcement’s political history, and what counseling is provided to sex-workers before participating.”– 29 year old male, lawyer