Table 1. Sham incubation of one-step medium at 5% O ₂, subjected to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis showing the relative concentration of medium constituents (normalized to TSP) at various time points.

Medium constituents identified	Relative concentration (Mean±SEM)			p value
	Baseline	Day 3	Day 5
Leucine	1.97±0.14	2.38±0.28	2.19±0.26	0.60
Isoleucine	1.09±0.07	1.27±0.15	1.17±0.14	0.75
Valine	1.13±0.07	1.33±0.15	1.23±0.14	0.71
Lactate	23.98±1.57	28.38±3.29	26.20±3.10	0.65
Pyruvate	0.74±0.05	0.85±0.10	0.78±0.10	0.73
Citrate	3.48±0.23	3.96±0.45	3.80±0.45	0.87
Methionine	0.15±0.02	0.17±0.02	0.14±0.03	0.66
Lysine	0.78±0.05	0.85±0.10	0.80±0.09	0.87
Glycine	0.16±0.02	0.26±0.04	0.24±0.03	0.12
Threonine	0.35±0.04	0.47±0.06	0.43±0.06	0.13
Glucose	0.46±0.04	0.52±0.06	0.49±0.06	0.87
Tyrosine	0.36±0.02	0.42±0.05	0.39±0.05	0.77
Histidine	0.14±0.01	0.18±0.02	0.17±0.02	0.44
Phenylalanine	0.37±0.03	0.42±0.04	0.40±0.05	0.65