Figure 2: Computational fluid dynamics simulations of device designs.

A) Different channel shapes were tested to determine the best design based on mixing and fluid velocity. It was determined that a long expansion from the fluid entrance into a wide, straight channel provided the best combination of sufficient velocity and mixing for this method. B) With the shape selected, the effects of channel width were further studied. It was determined that a channel width of 4.5 mm maintained efficient mixing while also having a high enough velocity to reduce reagent consumption.