Table 3. Hair Dye-Related Toxicity from a Case Report Study.
| toxicity | study duration | sex | age | ingredients | exposure route | symptom timinga | patch test concen-tration (%) | positive reactionc | ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACD | 2015 | F | 50 | henna | hair dyeing | 4 d | 0.01 | 1+ | (40) |
| ACD | 2005 | F | 50 | 3-nitro-p-hydroxy ethylaminophenol 24 and 4-amino-3-nitrophenol 25 | hair dyeing | 1 d | 1.00 | 1+ | (43) |
| contact anaphylaxis | 2017 | F | 56 | Basic Blue 99 20 | hair dyeing | 10 min | 0.10 | 3+ | (37) |
| ACD | 2009 | F | 47 | 4-amino-2-hydroxytoluene 26 | hair dyeing | NA | 1.00 | 2+ | (44) |
| ACD | 2018 | F | 43 | 1-naphthol 27 | hair dyeing | 2 d | 1.00 | 3+ | (49) |
| DLE | 2016 | F | 32 | p-phenylenediamine 1 and toluene-2,5-diamine 14 | hair dyeing | NA | NA | 2+ | (55) |
| angioedema | 2018 | F | 29 | p-phenylenediamine 1 | hair dyeing | 1 d | 1.00 | 3+ | (61) |
| neck and facial swelling | 2016 | F | 15 | p-phenylenediamine 1 | hair dyeing | 3 d | NA | 3+ | (62) |
| severe facial swelling | 2014 | F | 33 | p-phenylenediamine 1 | hair dyeing | 2 d | NA | 4+ | (63) |
| hair loss | 2011 | F | 41 | p-phenylenediamine 1 | hair dyeing | 1 d | 1.00 | 2+ | (64) |
| pneumothorax | 2011 | 2F | 19 ± 1b | p-phenylenediamine 1 | consumption | NA | NA | NA | (71) |
| rhabdomyolysis | 2013 | M | 3 | p-phenylenediamine 1 | consumption | 2 h | NA | NA | (72) |
| rhabdomyolysis | 2002–2006 | 8M + 2F | 23.2 ± 7.6b | p-phenylenediamine 1 | consumption | NA | 0.95 | NA | (73) |
a
Symptom timing indicates the duration from exposure to symptoms.
b
These studies describe more than one case, and the age is the mean value.
c
The positive reaction is calculated in terms of the patch test of corresponding ingredients at the patch test concentration. Abbreviations: F, female; M, male; NA, not assessed.