Table 1.
Demographic, clinical and neuropsychological data of healthy participants and patients with Parkinson’s disease (means, standard deviations and group differences)
| Features/measures | Parkinson’s disease (n = 15) | HO (n = 16) | HY (n = 24) | Group differences (P-values and pair-wise comparisons)a |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male/female | 9/6 | 9/7 | 10/14 | 0.479 |
| Handedness (right/left/both) | 13/0/2 | 16/0/0 | 23/1/0 | — |
| Age (years) | 66.0 (10.6) | 68.6 (3.6) | 24.1 (2.8) | <0.001* (Parkinson’s disease > HY, HO > HY) |
| Beck Depression Inventory-II score | 10.1 (6.4) | 4.9 (3.9) | 5.2 (4.9) | 0.008* (Parkinson’s disease > HO, Parkinson’s disease > HY) |
| Montreal Cognitive Assessment score | 25.6 (2.4) | 27.1 (2.3) | 27.9 (1.8) | 0.011 (Parkinson’s disease < HY) |
| MDS-UPDRS-III scoreb | 25.9 (10.4) | — | — | — |
| Levodopa equivalent daily dose (mg/day) | 384.2 (262.4) | — | — | — |
| Test of Attentional Performance (TAP) working memory | ||||
| Number of correct responses | 10.9 (3.1) | 11.8 (3.2) | 13.4 (2.2) | 0.024 (Parkinson’s disease < HY, HO < HY) |
| Median reaction time (ms) | 787.4 (203.9) | 732.9 (222.8) | 643.5 (130.8) | 0.288 |
—
means no statistical comparison can be made between PD and other groups for this measurement (e.g. MDS-UPDRS score and levodopa equivalent daily dose - only PD group had the measurements).
a
Group differences, P-values of one-way ANOVAs or Kruskal–Wallis tests as appropriate, and corresponding pair-wise comparisons; asterisks, significant group differences (P < 0.0083, Bonferroni correction for six tests).
b
MDS-UPDRS, Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale.