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. 2022 Jun 17;8(6):e09742. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09742

Table 2.

One-sample t-test results on the assessment of free-riders.

Test value = 3
Items X t P η2
16 I assess individual contribution to the group work 2.73 -2.5 .013 .04
17 I communicate group work assessment rubrics to students 3.55 5.3 .000 .16
18 I apply multiple forms of assessment to reduce free riders in group work 3.30 3.1 .002 .06
19 I assess individual contribution through oral questioning 3.29 2.8 .006 .05
20 I assess group work process 2.46 -5.6 .000 .18
21 I offer timely formative feedback on group work 3.57 5.9 .000 .19
22 I use peer assessment to assess an individual contribution to the group work 3.32 3.9 .000 .10
23 I use self-assessment to assess an individual contribution to the group work 2.50 -6.5 .000 .22
24 I assess individual contribution through individual written report 2.67 -2.9 .005 .05
25 I assess individual contribution through individual presentations 2.50 -4.9 .000 .14
26 I assess individual contribution through portfolios assessments 2.63 -4.2 .000 .11
Sub-scale 2.95 -.57 .57 --