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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 22.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2021 Aug 11;597(7874):82–86. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03811-w

Extended Data Fig. 4 |. SPW-R features and states that affect the correlation with glucose fluctuations.

Extended Data Fig. 4 |

a, Histograms of duration, amplitude, frequency and inter-ripple intervals across all detected SPW-Rs. b, Average effect of SPW-R features on peri-SPW-R glucose fluctuations. The y axes are time (±100 min) and the x axes are the percentile of each distribution (or time in milliseconds for ripple duration). White lines are the average effect at +10-min temporal offset. Red and blue asterisks indicate the column used for the plots in c. c, Red and blue traces highlight the effect on peri-SPW-R glucose fluctuations at two different positions in the distributions of ripple features in b. d, Cross-correlograms for four rats calculated on 4-h blocks of time in which the rat was fasted or fed. e, A sliding 2-h window of time was taken to calculate the cross-correlogram between SPW-Rs and glucose fluctuations before, during and after a 3-g meal was provided to fasted rats. f, The SPW-R–glucose fluctuation cross-correlogram was not different between fasting and fed states. g, Cross-correlograms for eight rats calculated using blocks of time in which the rat was in NREM sleep or awake. h, A sliding 2-h window of time was taken to calculate the cross-correlogram between SPW-Rs and glucose fluctuations, relative to brain state transitions. The negative correlation did not change in amplitude across either wake-to-NREM or NREM-to-wake state transitions. Bounds are one s.d. i, The SPW-R–glucose fluctuation cross-correlogram was not different between NREM and waking states. j, Average cross-correlograms between SPW-R rate and Δ current for 4-h windows centred at 06:00 h (blue), 12:00 h (red) and 20:00 (orange). k, Integrated cross-correlograms (5–20 min) over the 24-h light–dark cycle. l, Same line as in j, without s.d. bounds and zoomed in on the y axis. Note the cumulative effect size is only slightly larger during the dark period. Across rats, no hour of the day had a significantly different correlation than any other hour of the day (Student’s t-test; minimum P = 0.53). Note also that the circadian fluctuation of glucose level is not a mirror image of SPW-R rate (compare Extended Data Fig. 3b).