TABLE 2.

Cardiovascular and musculoskeletal parameters (mean ± SD) for Parkinson’s disease patients and healthy controls during supine, tilt, and standing positions. HR: heart rate; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; MAP: mean arterial pressure; EMG: electromyogram; ${\text{EMG}}_{\text{imp}}$ beat-to-beat electromyogram; CV: coefficient of variation. The Bolded values indicate a significant difference (Wilcoxon rank sum test) between Parkinson’s patients (PD) and healthy controls (HC). *, § represent a significant difference (post-hoc analysis with Bonferroni adjustment) from supine, tilt, respectively.

	Supine		Tilt		Standing
	HC	PD	HC	PD	HC	PD
$\text{HR }\left(\text{bpm}\right)$	65.47 ± 7.12	68.39 ± 9.88	74.61 ± 8.54*	76.33 ± 9.57*	82.21 ± 11.81*§	83.02 ± 10.62*§
$\text{SBP }\left(\text{mmHg}\right)$	126.69 ± 8.70	132.43 ± 12.97	123.38 ± 16.21	129.18 ± 16.31	130.67 ± 15.29	123.63 ± 12.01*
$\text{DBP }\left(\text{mmHg}\right)$	83.96 ± 10.22	87.44 ± 9.46	84.97 ± 13.83	85.00 ± 7.72	87.43 ± 11.58	83.23 ± 8.70
$\text{MAP }\left(\text{mmHg}\right)$	98.20 ± 9.26	102.44±10.12	97.77 ± 13.83	99.72 ± 9.88	101.85 ± 11.70	96.70 ± 8.76*
$\text{EMG }\left(\mu \text{V}\right)$	17.56 ± 9.01	25.17 ± 11.61	51.18 ± 49.77	107.38 ± 73.76	113.39 ± 45.19	109.65 ± 35.43
${\text{EMG}}_{\text{imp}}\left(\mu \text{V}.\text{s}\right)$	16.22 ± 7.93	22.82 ± 11.56	43.68 ± 48.48*	85.88 ± 6.80*	85.81 ± 41.46*§	80.74 ± 28.38*
SBP CV	0.05 ± 0.01	0.04 ± 0.03	0.07 ± 0.02*	0.05 ± 0.03*	0.07 ± 0.02*	0.05 ± 0.02*
${\text{EMG}}_{\text{imp}}$ CV	0.16 ± 0.19	0.20 ± 0.13	0.33 ± 0.27*	0.21 ± 0.13	0.16 ± 0.05*§	0.19 ± 0.08