Table 4.
Motion comparisons between measurement techniques reported as mean (SD)
| Throwing | Nonthrowing | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (n = 60) | |||
| Internal rotation | 28.2 (8.6) | 35.7 (8.3) | <0.01 |
| External rotation neutral | 83.5 (9.5) a | 85.7 (8.4) a | 0.06 |
| External rotation pronated | 73.2 (9.5) | 81.3 (7.9) | <0.01 |
| Total arc neutral | 111.7 (11.2) a | 121.4 (9.4) a | <0.01 |
| Total arc pronated | 101.4 (11.0) | 117.0 (9.5) | <0.01 |
| Pitchers (n = 32) | |||
| Internal rotation | 24.8 (8.9) | 34.4 (9.2) | <0.01 |
| External rotation neutral | 85.2 (9.5) a | 86.2 (10.4) a | 0.55 |
| External rotation pronated | 73.4 (10.0) | 81.4 (9.5) | <0.01 |
| Total arc neutral | 110.0 (10.5) a | 120.6 (9.6) a | <0.01 |
| Total arc pronated | 98.3 (10.7) | 115.8 (9.0) | <0.01 |
| Position players (n = 28) | |||
| Internal rotation | 32.1 (6.5) | 37.2 (7.0) | <0.01 |
| External rotation neutral | 81.5 (9.2) a | 85.2 (5.5) a | 0.03 |
| External rotation pronated | 72.9 (9.0) | 81.2 (5.7) | <0.01 |
| Total arc neutral | 113.6 (11.8) a | 122.4 (9.1) a | <0.01 |
| Total arc pronated | 105.0 (10.4) | 118.4 (10.1) | <0.01 |
a
Neutral position significantly greater compared with pronated position (P < 0.01).