Table 4.
Secondary clinical, cost & utilization outcomes—difference-in-difference analysis
| DID estimator | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimator a | 95% CI | P-value | FDR-adjusted P-value | ||
| Clinical | Lower | Upper | |||
| In-hospital death (%) b | .80 | .08 | 7.82 | .85 | 1.00 |
| In-hospital complication (%) b POA not yes | |||||
| Any | .42 | .16 | 1.10 | .08 | .24 |
| Sepsis | 1.47 | .10 | 21.53 | .78 | 1.00 |
| Pneumonia | .74 | .03 | 19.84 | .86 | 1.00 |
| UTI c | - | - | - | - | |
| Delirium | .14 | .02 | .79 | .03 | .12 |
| AKI | .72 | .11 | 4.77 | .73 | 1.00 |
| Thrombosis c (DVT/PE) | - | - | - | - | |
| Cost and utilization | |||||
| >=2 consultants b | .77 | .46 | 1.28 | .31 | .74 |
| Total direct cost d | .97 | .86 | 1.10 | .68 | 1.00 |
| Lab cost d | 1.39 | 1.15 | 1.69 | <.001 | .012 |
| Imaging cost d | 1.07 | .92 | 1.24 | .38 | .76 |
| Imaging use e | .12 | .03 | .52 | .004 | .024 |
| Rx/IV therapy cost d | 1.00 | .69 | 1.44 | .99 | 1.00 |
DID: difference-in-difference; POA: present on admission; UTI: urinary tract infection; AKI: acute kidney injury; DVT: deep venous thrombosis; PE: pulmonary embolism; Rx/IV: medication and/or intravenous therapy; NH: neurohospitalist; GEE: generalized estimating equation.
aRatio of OR (Ref: Pre-NH, stroke control)
bIf ratio < 1, intervention significantly reduced complication rate compared to controls.
cModel did not converge due to low event rate
dIf ratio < 1, intervention significantly reduced cost compared to controls. Main log gamma model.
eIf ratio < 1, intervention resulted in significantly lower odds of having any imaging during hospital encounter compared to controls. Hurdle model.