Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with HCC
| Variables | Derivation set | Validation set | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 214 | 109 | |
| Age (years) | 52.6 ± 9.2 | 52.7 ± 10.1 | 0.966 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.2 ± 3.8 | 22.0 ± 2.6 | < 0.001 |
| Sex (male, %) | 162 (75.7) | 82 (75.2) | 0.926 |
| HBsAg (%) | 190 (88.8) | 65 (59.6) | < 0.001 |
| Hepatitis C (%) | 11 (5.1) | 2 (1.8) | 0.153 |
| Cirrhosis (%) | 196 (91.6) | 41 (37.6) | < 0.001 |
| Child Pugh score | < 0.001 | ||
| A | 205 (95.8) | 85 (78.0) | |
| B | 9 (4.2) | 24 (22.0) | |
| Vascular invasion | 0.631 | ||
| No | 186 (86.9) | 24 (22.0) | |
| Yes | 28 (13.1) | 85 (78.0) | |
| Tumor number | 0.631 | ||
| Single | 183 (85.5) | 91 (83.5) | |
| Multiple | 31 (14.5) | 18 (16.5) | |
| Tumor differentiation | < 0.001 | ||
| Poor | 38 (17.8) | 50 (45.9) | |
| Moderate/well | 176 (82.2) | 59 (54.1) | |
| Capsule | 0.001 | ||
| Complete | 183 (85.5) | 77 (70.6) | |
| Incomplete | 31 (14.5) | 32 (29.4) | |
| Tumor size (cm) | 4.9 ± 2.9 | 6.3 ± 4.2 | 0.002 |
| MELD score | -1.84 (-3.58 to 0.02) | 1.57 (-4.20 to 0.90) | 0.451 |
| FIB-4 | 1.9 (1.4–3.2) | 1.9 (1.1–3.2) | 0.417 |
| APRI | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | 0.7 (0.4–1.2) | 0.439 |
| PALBI | -3.3 (-3.6 to -3.1) | -4.8 (-5.2 to -4.2) | < 0.001 |
| ALBI | -2.6 (-2.9 to -2.3) | -2.0 (-2.4 to -1.7) | < 0.001 |
| AFP (ng/mL) | 14.8 (4.1–227.5) | 23.7 (4.7–471.2) | 0.390 |
| WBC (× 109/L) | 5.84 ± 2.10 | 8.39 ± 3.98 | < 0.001 |
| Haemoglobin (g/L) | 142.0 ± 17.3 | 122.2 ± 23.7 | < 0.001 |
| Platelet count (× 109/L) | 161.5 ± 63.2 | 177.9 ± 90.6 | 0.093 |
| MPV (fL) | 10.6 ± 1.4 | 11.1 ± 1.1 | < 0.001 |
| PDW (%) | 15.2 ± 2.4 | 13.2 ± 2.2 | < 0.001 |
| INR | 1.06 ± 0.09 | 1.21 ± 0.26 | < 0.001 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 39.5 ± 4.6 | 34.3 ± 5.8 | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 76.8 ± 15.0 | 60.6 ± 15.5 | < 0.001 |
| AST (U/L) | 35 (28–47) | 51 (31–88) | < 0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) | 39 (28–52) | 39 (26–60) | 0.589 |
| γ-GGT (U/L) | 49 (32–84) | 78 (44–135) | < 0.001 |
| Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 13.9 (10.4–18.7) | 18.2 (14.1–25.6) | < 0.001 |
AFP Alphafetoprotein, ALBI Albumin-bilirubin, APRI Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet count ratio index, AST Aspartate aminotransferase, ALT Alanine aminotransferase, BMI Body mass index, FIB-4 Fibrosis-4 index, γ-GGT γ-glutamyl transferase, INR International normalized ratio, MPV Mean platelet volume, MELD score model of end-stage liver disease score, PDW, Platelet distribution width, PALBI Platelet-albumin-bilirubin, WBC White blood cell