Table 3.
The timing and clinical efficacy of antibiotics for infected patients after colonization
| Empirically sensitive antibiotic therapy groups, N = 88 | Standard antibiotic therapy groups, N = 64 | P | OR (95%CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age-year, mean (SD) | 61.2 (9.8) | 59.8 (10.3) | 0.60 | / |
| Male sex, no. (%) | 66 (75.0%) | 46 (71.8%) | 0.66 | 0.85 (0.41–1.76) |
| APACHE II scores, median (IQR) | 17.0 (8.0–28.0) | 16.4 (7.0–32.0) | 0.20 | / |
| Cerebrovascular accidents, no. (%) | 22 (25.0%) | 16 (25.0%) | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.47–2.10) |
| Cardiac insufficiency, no. (%) | 9 (10.2%) | 7 (10.9%) | 0.88 | 0.93 (0.32–2.63) |
| Trauma, no. (%) | 38 (43.2%) | 23 (35.9%) | 0.36 | 1.35 (0.69–2.62) |
| Infection, no. (%) | 24 (27.3%) | 25 (39.1%) | 0.12 | 0.58 (0.29–1.16) |
| Malignant tumor, no. (%) | 9 (10.2%) | 2 (3.1%) | 0.09 | 3.52 (0.73–16.94) |
| Diabetes mellitus, no. (%) | 9 (10.2%) | 5 (7.8%) | 0.61 | 1.34 (0.42–4.22) |
| Intubation or tracheotomy, no. (%) | 45 (51.1%) | 31 (48.4%) | 0.74 | 1.11 (0.58–2.12) |
| Invasive operation, no. (%) | 72 (81.8%) | 51 (79.6%) | 0.74 | 1.14 (0.51–2.59) |
| Operation History, no. (%) | 10 (11.3%) | 10 (15.6%) | 0.44 | 0.69 (0.27–1.77) |
| Immunocompromise, no. (%) | 46 (52.2%) | 26 (40.6%) | 0.15 | 1.60 (0.83–3.06) |
| Septic shock, no. (%) | 44 (50.0%) | 40 (62.5%) | 0.12 | 0.60 (0.31–1.15) |
| Acute kidney injury, no. (%) | 40 (45.5%) | 34 (53.1%) | 0.35 | 0.73 (0.38–1.40) |
| Infection sites, no. (%) | ||||
| Pulmonary infection | 64 (72.7%) | 50 (78.1%) | 0.45 | 0.74 (0.35–1.59) |
| Bloodstream infection | 35 (39.8%) | 10 (15.6%) | 0.001 | 3.56 (1.60–7.92) |
| Urinary tract infection | 26 (29.5%) | 16 (25.0%) | 0.53 | 1.25 (0.61–2.60) |
| Gastrointestinal infection | 21 (23.9%) | 16 (25.0%) | 0.87 | 0.94 (0.45–1.99) |
| Other sites infections | 37 (42.0%) | 25 (39.1%) | 0.71 | 1.13 (0.58–2.18) |
| CRGNB types, no. (%) | ||||
| CRKP | 38 (43.2%) | 22 (34.4%) | 0.27 | 1.45 (0.74–2.82) |
| CRPA | 31 (35.2%) | 25 (39.1%) | 0.63 | 0.84 (0.43–1.65) |
| CRAB | 17 (19.3%) | 15 (23.4%) | 0.54 | 0.78 (0.35–1.71) |
| Other CRE | 2 (2.3%) | 2 (3.1%) | 1.00 | 0.72 (0.10–5.25) |
| Antibiotic therapy, no. (%) | ||||
| Combinations with Tigecycline | 25 (28.4%) | 14 (21.8%) | 0.36 | 1.41 (0.67–3.01) |
| Combinations with Polymyxin B | 14 (15.9%) | 10 (15.6%) | 0.96 | 1.02 (0.42–2.47) |
| Ceftazidime–avibactam monotherapy | 13 (14.7%) | 4 (6.2%) | 0.10 | 2.60 (0.81–8.39) |
| Other therapies | 36 (40.9%) | 36 (56.3%) | 0.06 | 0.53 (0.28–1.03) |
| Timing of antibiotic intervention, hours, median (IQR) | 8.4 (3.6–17.2) | 45.6 (15.4–69.4) | 0.001 | / |
| Duration from colonization to infection, day, median (IQR) | 13.5 (4.0–19.0) | 12.8 (4.0–17.5) | 0.54 | / |
| Length of ICU stay after infection, day, median (IQR) | 16.7 (7.5–32.5) | 16.8 (6.0–35.5) | 0.61 | / |
| Length of hospital stay after infection, day, median (IQR) | 32.8 (10.5–75.0) | 24.2 (6.0–65.0) | 0.22 | / |
| Death, no. (%) | 15 (17.0%) | 24 (37.5%) | 0.004 | 0.34 (0.16–0.73) |
CRGNB: carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria; CRKP: carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae; CRAB: carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii; CRPA: carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa; CRE: carbapenem-resistant enterobacteria; SD: standard deviation; APACHE II: acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; IQR: interquartile range; ICU: intensive care unit; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval