Table 4.
Risk factors of CR-POPF using the univariate and multivariate analyses
| Factors | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None POPF / BL (n = 165) | CR-POPF (n = 86) | P-value | β | Odds ratio | CI | P-value | |
| Preoperative factors | |||||||
| Sex, male / female | 90 / 75 | 57 / 29 | 0.073 | ||||
| Age, years | 70 (3–87) | 64 (20–89) | 0.005 | ||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 21.0 (14.0–30.4) | 22.9 (13.6–34.7) | 0.001 | 0.105 | 1.111 | 1.009–1.223 | 0.032 |
| DM, n | 52 (31.5%) | 12 (14.0%) | 0.002 | − 1.33 | 0.265 | 0.123–0.567 | 0.001 |
| PDAC, n | 75 (45.5%) | 30 (34.9%) | 0.069 | ||||
| Preoperative chemoradiotherapy, n | 41 (24.8%) | 13 (15.1%) | 0.075 | ||||
| Blood examination | |||||||
| White blood count, /μl | 5,140 (2,410–12,430) | 5,310 (2,530–12,910) | 0.35 | ||||
| Albumin, g/dl | 4.1 (2.5–5.0) | 4.1 (2.9–5.2) | 0.802 | ||||
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 0.7 (0.4–2.6) | 0.8 (0.4–1.7) | 0.454 | ||||
| BUN, mg/dl | 15.0 (6.0–37.0) | 14.0 (5.0–32.0) | 0.302 | ||||
| Cholesterol, mg/dl | 187 (103–321) | 191 (104–528) | 0.135 | ||||
| Triglyceride, mg/dl | 94 (30–328) | 109 (34–426) | 0.106 | ||||
| AMY, U/l | 75.0 (9.0–1553.0) | 74.0 (38.9–275.0) | 0.667 | ||||
| CRP, mg/dl | 0.07 (0.01–8.02) | 0.11 (0.00–3.38) | 0.024 | ||||
| NLR | 2.2 (0.7–12.5) | 2.3 (0.8–18.0) | 0.978 | ||||
| PNR | 151 (44–667) | 153 (54–4,233) | 0.996 | ||||
| PNI | 48.0 (30.9–62.1) | 48.7 (32.9–60.1) | 0.412 | ||||
| Intraoperative factors | |||||||
| Operation time, min | 311 (138–830) | 337 (132–754) | 0.237 | ||||
| Blood loss, ml | 356 (0–5033) | 515 (0–3520) | 0.086 | ||||
| Laparoscopic surgery, n | 59 (35.8%) | 28 (32.6%) | 0.359 | ||||
| without splenectomy, n | 13 (7.9%) | 12 (14.0%) | 0.098 | ||||
| Combined PV resection, n | 5 (3.0%) | 3 (3.5%) | 0.556 | ||||
| Combined CA resection, n | 6 (3.6%) | 4 (4.7%) | 0.467 | ||||
| Stapler closer of pancreatic cut end, n | 47 (28.5%) | 19 (22.1%) | 0.126 | ||||
| Simultaneous resection of AT, n | 17 (10.3%) | 10 (11.6%) | 0.451 | ||||
| CT evaluation | |||||||
| Morphology, smooth / serrated | 117 / 48 | 54 / 32 | 0.122 | ||||
| Pancreas thickness, mm | 8.8 (4.0–22.0) | 10.1 (4.6–20.7) | < 0.001 | 0.199 | 1.22 | 1.092–1.363 | < 0.001 |
| CT value | |||||||
| Pancreas, HU | 41.0 (4.5–73.2) | 44.2 (4.3–61.8) | 0.018 | ||||
| PVFR | -0.41 (-4.88–-0.05) | -0.42 (-1.19–-0.04) | 0.373 | ||||
| Hospital stays, days | 16 (7–99) | 36 (7–248) | < 0.001 | ||||
Data are expressed as number (percentage), median (range), CR-POPF: clinically relevant - postoperative pancreatic fistula, BL biochemical leak, BMI body mass index, DM diabetes mellitus, PDAC: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, BUN blood urea nitrogen, AMY amylase, CRP C-reactive protein, NLR neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, PNR platelet-to-neutrophil ratio, PNI prognostic nutritional index, PV portal vein, CA celiac axis, AT alimentary tract, HU Hounsfield units, PVFR pancreas-visceral fat CT value ratio