Table 4.  .

Comparison of ways of obtaining APA

Raw material	Number of stages	Maximum yields of APA, %	Disadvantages
Sylvane	1	53–85	Formation of tetrahydrosylvan
Furfural	1	40–98	Formation of furfural condensation products
Acetic acid, propylene, and acetaldehyde	3	47	Multi-stage and complex product isolation
Ethyl acetate
(a) through bromo derivative (b) through natracetoacetic ether and ethylene oxide	4 4	20 55	Multi-stage and use of Na
γ-Butyrolactone, acetic acid	2	40–50	Complex product isolation