Table 1.
Association of ECG measures with branched-chain amino acids in the KORA F4 Study
| Unstratified | Men | Women | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ECG measure | BCAA | Beta (SE) | P-value | Beta (SE) | P-value | Beta (SE) | P-value |
| Heart rate (b.p.m.) | Valine (µmol/L) | 0.0035 (0.0036) | 0.34 | 0.0017 (0.0053) | 0.75 | 0.0054 (0.0050) | 0.28 |
| ×Leucine (µmol/L) | 0.0026 (0.0053) | 0.61 | 0.0051 (0.0073) | 0.49 | −0.0004 (0.0077) | 0.96 | |
| PR (ms) | Valine (µmol/L) | 0.0335 (0.0085) | <0.001 | 0.0264 (0.0126) | 0.036 | 0.0410 (0.0115) | <0.001 |
| ×Leucine (µmol/L) | 0.0270 (0.0125) | 0.031 | 0.0226 (0.0175) | 0.20 | 0.0327 (0.0179) | 0.07 | |
| QRS (ms) | Valine (µmol/L) | −0.0086 (0.0042) | 0.040 | −0.0134 (0.0062) | 0.030 | −0.0034 (0.0056 | 0.54 |
| ×Leucine (µmol/L) | −0.0069 (0.0061) | 0.26 | −0.0134 (0.0086) | 0.12 | 0.0016 (0.0087) | 0.86 | |
| QTc (ms) | Valine (µmol/L) | 0.0234 (0.0075) | 0.002 | 0.0173 (0.0108) | 0.11 | 0.0297 (0.0104) | 0.004 |
| ×Leucine (µmol/L) | 0.0144 (0.0110) | 0.19 | 0.0032 (0.0150) | 0.83 | 0.0287 (0.0161) | 0.08 | |
Linear regression models excluded participants ≤50 kg body weight, ≥70 years of age, or with diabetes mellitus. Unstratified models adjusted for sex.
Beta, standardized regression coefficient; P, P-value; SE, standard error. Data were considered significant below a P-value of 0.05 (indicated in boldface).