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. 2022 Jun 2;13:868973. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.868973

Table 4.

Association between serum immunoglobulins and risk of incident pneumonia.

N events/total Hazard Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)
Follow-up time Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
0-3 years IgA 92/8,722 0.95 (0.78-1.16) 0.95 (0.78-1.16) 0.94 (0.77-1.15)
IgG 92/8,712 1.01 (0.93-1.10) 1.02 (0.93-1.10) 1.02 (0.94-1.10)
IgM 92/8,718 1.08 (0.98-1.19) 1.08 (0.98-1.19) 1.08 (0.98-1.19)
3-6 years IgA 176/8,255 0.97 (0.84-1.12) 1.00 (0.87-1.16) 0.98 (0.84-1.13)
IgG 176/8,245 0.99 (0.92-1.05) 1.01 (0.94-1.07) 1.00 (0.94-1.07)
IgM 175/8,251 1.00 (0.87-1.14) 1.00 (0.87-1.14) 1.00 (0.87-1.14)
>6 years IgA 160/7,546 1.15 (1.00-1.32) 1.18 (1.03-1.36) 1.15 (1.00-1.32)
IgG 160/7,536 1.10 (1.04-1.17) 1.12 (1.06-1.19) 1.13 (1.06-1.19)
IgM 160/7,543 0.98 (0.84-1.15) 0.98 (0.85-1.14) 0.98 (0.85-1.14)

Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, and Rotterdam Study cohort; Model 2 was adjusted for model 1, smoking status, pack years, and alcohol consumption; Model 3 was adjusted for model 2, BMI, DM, asthma, COPD, hypertension, physical activity, and serum CRP.

N events/total refers to the number of participants with incident pneumonia and the total number of participants included in the analyses.

Significant associations (P <0.05) are in bold.

IgA/IgG/IgM, immunoglobulin A/G/M; BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP, C-reactive protein.