Table 3. Comorbidities.
| Total study population | p-value*1 | Post-COVID-19 (symptom duration ≥ 12 weeks) | p-value*1 | |||
| No symptoms/ symptoms < 12 weeks n = 739 | Symptoms ≥ 12 weeks(post-COVID-19) n = 720 | Not hospitalized n = 588 | Hospitalized n=127 | |||
| Body mass index (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 25 (22–28) | 25 (22–29) | 0.646*2 | 25 (22–28) | 27 (24–31) | < 0.001*2 |
| SCQ-D score, median (IQR) | 2 (0–3.25) | 3 (1–6) | < 0.001*2 | 2.37 (0–5) | 6 (4–9) | < 0.001*2 |
| Heart problems | 69 (9.3) | 116 (16.1) | < 0.001 | 65 (11.1) | 51 (40.2) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 174 (23.5) | 222 (30.8) | 0.002 | 148 (25.2) | 74 (58.3) | < 0.001 |
| Lung problems | 58 (7.8) | 114 (15.8) | < 0.001 | 72 (12.2) | 41 (32.3) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes/blood sugar | 37 (5.0) | 63 (8.8) | 0.007 | 34 (5.8) | 29 (22.8) | < 0.001 |
| Gastrointestinal problems | 62 (8.4) | 108 (15.0) | < 0.001 | 83 (14.1) | 25 (19.7) | 0.126 |
| Kidney problems | 17 (2.3) | 27 (3.8) | 0.126 | 9 (1.5) | 18 (14.2) | < 0.001 |
| Liver problems | 3 (0.4) | 14 (1.9) | 0.007 | 7 (1.2) | 7 (5.5) | < 0.003 |
| Anemia/other blood problems | 26 (3.5) | 37 (5.1) | 0.156 | 25 (4.3) | 12 (9.4) | 0.026 |
| Cancer | 36 (4.9) | 38 (5.3) | 0.812 | 25 (4.3) | 13 (10.2) | 0.020 |
| Depression | 48 (6.5) | 85 (11.8) | < 0.001 | 63 (10.7) | 22 (17.3) | 0.027 |
| Osteoarthritis | 91 (12.3) | 167 (23.2) | < 0.001 | 117 (19.9) | 49 (38.6) | < 0.001 |
| Back pain | 191 (25.8) | 283 (39.3) | < 0.001 | 219 (37.2) | 63 (49.6) | < 0.001 |
| Rheumatism | 19 (2.6) | 39 (5.4) | 0.007 | 26 (4.4) | 13 (10.2) | 0.017 |
| Polypharmacy*3 | 30 (4.1) | 87 (12.1) | < 0.001 | 48 (8.2) | 39 (30.7) | < 0.001 |
Absolute and relative frequencies are presented as n (%) unless otherwise indicated. Information on hospitalization was missing for five patients in the post-COVID-19 group.
IQR, Interquartile range; SCQ-D, Self-Administered Comorbidity Questionnaire, German version
*1 Chi-square tests were used to calculate p-values unless otherwise indicated.
*2 Mann–Whitney U test
*3 Polypharmacy was defined as five or more medications taken on a regular basis.