Table 6.

Framework for data analysis—stages in engaging with the GSD.

Stage	Guiding questions	Means/mechanisms
Identification	What is a scientific diaspora? Who becomes a member of the Guatemalan Scientific Diasporas (GSD)? Where is the GSD located (countries of residence? In which fields of knowledge do the GSD members do research? Which characteristics (gender, level of education) do the GSD present?	Networking platforms Existing structured mechanisms (beyond social media groups) Systematic Group Participation
Connection	How do the members of the GSD interact among them? How do the members of the GSD interact with other stakeholders?	Social Networks (e.g., LinkedIn, ResearchGate), Alumni Associations (e.g., Association of Guatemala ex-Fulbright scholars, DAAD Alumni, KOICA Alumni) Individual initiatives (informal groups) Actions promoted by institutions organizations (e.g., INDESGUA—interactions among scholarship awardees, Seguros Universales—Guatemaltecos Ilustres)
Engagement	Which types of engagement have been experienced by the GSD? Which forms of engagement have proven effective/ineffective? What are the obstacles for the GSD engagement? Which solutions can be identified to overcome the obstacles to the GSD engagement with their country of origin?	Isolated Activities/Events Legislative actions Science and Technology Policy Foreign Policy Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Policy and practice—institutions/organizations reached out to the GSD