Skip to main content
. 2022 Jun 21;2022(6):CD015017. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD015017.pub3

Risk of bias for analysis 2.1 All‐cause mortality at day 28.

Study Bias
Randomisation process Deviations from intended interventions Missing outcome data Measurement of the outcome Selection of the reported results Overall
Authors' judgement Support for judgement Authors' judgement Support for judgement Authors' judgement Support for judgement Authors' judgement Support for judgement Authors' judgement Support for judgement Authors' judgement Support for judgement
Bounfrate 2021 Low risk of bias Centralized web‐based randomization. There are no baseline differences that would suggest a problem with randomization. Low risk of bias Both participants and those delivering the intervention were not aware of the intervention received and the analysis was appropriate. Low risk of bias Data for this outcome were reported for all participants that were randomized and did not withdraw consent before the study start. Low risk of bias Outcome assessors were not aware of the intervention received. Knowledge of intervention received could not have affected outcome measurement. Low risk of bias The protocol was prospectively registered and the outcome was not specifically registered, but only reported upon request. Therefore no bias was introduced. Low risk of bias Due to low risk of bias in all domains.
Chaccour 2021 Low risk of bias Randomization was performed by an independent trial statistician generating a list of random numbers. There was no baseline imbalance that would suggest a problem with randomization. Low risk of bias Both participants and those delivering the intervention were not aware of the intervention received, there were no deviations from intended interventions and the analysis was appropriate. Low risk of bias Data for this outcome were available for all randomized participants. Low risk of bias Outcome assessors were not aware of the intervention received. Knowledge of intervention received could not have affected outcome measurement. Low risk of bias The protocol was prospectively registered. The outcome was not registered, but results were in full detail reported in the trial register. Due to relevance of this outcome data in this context of this trial we did not assume that the results have been selected. Low risk of bias Due to low risk of bias in all domains.
I‐TECH 2022 Low risk of bias Centralized web‐based randomization. There are no baseline differences that would suggest a problem with randomization. Low risk of bias Both participants and those delivering the intervention were aware of intervention received. The majority of the patients adhered to the assigned intervention. The analysis was appropriate (mITT). Low risk of bias Data for this outcome were reported for all participants that meet inclusion and exclusion criteria (miTT population). Low risk of bias Outcome assessors were aware of the intervention received. Knowledge of intervention received could not have affected outcome measurement. Low risk of bias The protocol was prospectively registered and the outcome was reported as registered. Low risk of bias Due to low risk of bias in all domains.
López‐Medina 2021 Low risk of bias Random sequence was generated by an independent pharmacist using a computer‐based programme. Allocation assignment was concealed from investigators and patients. There was no baseline imbalance that would suggest a problem with randomization. Some concerns Both participants and those delivering the intervention were not aware of intervention received. The primary analysis is a per‐protocol analysis. 76 (16%) participants receiving the wrong intervention due to a labelling error in the early study phase were excluded. The analysis was not appropriate, but an as‐treated sensitivity analysis was reported and results did not differ. Low risk of bias Data for this outcome were available for all participants included in the per protocol population. Reasons for missing outcome data are reported and are unrelated to the outcome (labelling error). Low risk of bias Outcome assessors were not aware of the intervention received. Knowledge of intervention received could not have affected outcome measurement. Low risk of bias The protocol was prospectively registered and the outcome in the journal publication was reported as registered. Some concerns Due to inappropriate analysis (per protocol analysis).
TOGETHER 2022 Low risk of bias Centralized web‐ and text message‐based randomization. There are no baseline differences that would suggest a problem with randomization. Low risk of bias Both participants and those delivering the intervention were not aware of the intervention received and the analysis was appropriate. Low risk of bias Data for this outcome were available for all randomized participants. Low risk of bias Outcome assessors were not aware of the intervention received. Knowledge of intervention received could not have affected outcome measurement. Low risk of bias The protocol was prospectively registered and the outcome in the journal publication was reported as registered. Low risk of bias Due to low risk of bias in all domains.
Vallejos 2021 Low risk of bias Randomization was performed by an team member who was not part of any other part of the study using a computer‐based programme. There was no baseline imbalance that would suggest a problem with randomization. Low risk of bias Both participants and those delivering the intervention were not aware of the intervention received and the analysis was appropriate. Low risk of bias Data for this outcome were available for all randomized participants. Low risk of bias Outcome assessors were not aware of the intervention received. Knowledge of intervention received could not have affected outcome measurement. Low risk of bias The protocol was prospectively registered and the outcome in the journal publication was reported as registered. Low risk of bias Due to low risk of bias in all domains.